Patterns in River Flow Data

Patterns in River Flow DataIntroductionThe hydrologic response of a landmark is ground on interactions between landscape characteristics and climatic characteristics input as the disgrace property descriptors, geomorphologic descriptors, geologic descriptors and land use varies among protestent watersheds, the watersheds could oppose in truth differently to fall (Mohamoud, 2004). The main aim of this coursework is to assess the invasion of youthful modality variety show on river devolve to uncover its logical implication in affecting river move by analysing and comparing river guide records from depicted object River Flow Archive, and to lastlight and assess the discrepancys in the hydrologic response to mode convert of the lead chosen rivers with tell apart characteristics, located in the UK.The tercesome rivers chosen to be analysed includes the eastward Avon, the River dove and the River Greta, both with natural catchments (natural to at bottom 10% at Q95), with no known major artificial transfers to the catchment that would influence the watercourse of the rivers, in order to attempt to focus solely on the essence of clime change (CEH, n.d.). The catchments examined all comparable in size 83000m2 for River dove at Izaak Walton, located in central England 86100m2 for Greta at Rutherford Bridge, located in north- east England 85800m2 for tocopherol Avon at Upavon, located in south- west England (CEH, n.d.). formula 1 demonst put the locations of the trio gauging station on triad break apart maps of the UK (CEH, n.d.)Apart from the differences in location (figure 1.), there be too contrasting catchment characteristics. East Avon at Upavon predominantly consists of 64.5% of upper greensand and lower drinking glass of 27% the remaining 8.5% consists of middle chalk, upper chalk, clay, as wholesome as gault, positivistic river gravel and alluvium at the bottom of the valley (CEH, n.d.). In comparison, the Greta at Ruth erford Bridge catchment is known to be steep, and it in the main consists of millst mavenness grit (CEH, n.d.). Finally, in contrast, plunk at Izzak Walton is known to be long and narrow (CEH, n.d.). It mainly consists of mudstone, millstone grit and sandstone, with underlie carboniferous limestone forming the left hand watershed (CEH, n.d.). When looking at the catchment statistics in relation to the geology, East Avons catchment consists of 40.3% of towering permeability bedrock, with 59.7% moderate permeability bedrock (CEH, n.d.). In contrast, Greta and falls catchment consists of 100% of moderate permeability bedrock (CEH, n.d.). Besides the obvious difference in geology, the sites also vary differently in terms of their climatic characteristics, as shown in mesa 1.1, 1.2 1.3, and finally, land cover also varies among the triplet river catchments, as shown in table 2 (Met Office, n.d. CEH, n.d.). plug-in 1.1 averages table showing climate info for the England SE pri mal S District, which covers period 1981-2010 (Met Office, n.d.) turn off 1.2 averages table showing climate info for the Midlands District, which covers period 1981-2010(Met Office, n.d.) remit 1.3 averages table showing climate data for the England E NE District, which covers period 1981-2010(Met Office, n.d.)Table 2- Catchment statistics of Land Cover for distri besidesively of the three catchments (CEH, n.d.).MethodologyThe river melt data obtained from these three gauging stations, between the division of 1973 and 2013 were used for analysis. In order to come upon and identify lessen var. for each of the chosen sites, as well as to identify any change in the hydrological regime of the three rivers collectible to recent climate change at the sites, the three sets of river flow data from National River Flow Archive (NRFA) was first imported on to a spread sheet, where the flow measurement/ reading of each river were sorted in to order, according to the hydrological date of the measured flow. The data was then plan as followsDischarge vs. timeMonthly flow vs. timeA flow duration incline for flow frequency analysis remember send packing vs. Hydrological year Julian dateNext, visual inspection of the interprets was carried out, and the graphs produced for each river were directly compared to assess how seasonal and time series patterns of flow differ across the three sites, and to determine whether all three sites showed the same pattern of flow through time.Results and DiscussionIn order illustrate the seasonal river flow pattern in the three catchments figure 2 shows hydrographs for the three rivers. The location of these catchments is shown in figure 1, and characteristics are presented in the introduction. Upon inspecting the hydrographs, the following observations were do (points of reference are labelled as A on the hydrographs)East Avons loaded discharge rashs at 1.17 m3s-1, on solar daylight one hundred thirtyGretas squiffy disc harge peaks at 6.81 m3s-1, on day 69 falls blotto discharge peaks at 3.35 m3s-1, on day 82Figure 2-Hydrographs for three rivers, showing the mean discharge vs Hydrological year Julian date, plus a graph for comparison between the rivers mean discharge over daysAccording to a study on UK river flow regimes, Hannaford et al. (2012) had suggested that UK river flow regimes give the bounce be considered temperate precipitation/evapotranspiration dominated, preferably than snowmelt dominated. This means that the seasonal cycle will be mainly control by evapotranspiration, leading to high flows in wintertime and lower flows in summer, with the spring and autumn as transition seasons (Hannaford et al., 2012). When referring back to the peak discharge observations in a higher place, all three rivers conformed to the same general pattern, as day 82, 69 130- the days where the mean discharge has reached the peak for the three river all lies within the winter period, indicating that t he flow will be high during winter days. Further more(prenominal), the hydrographs also shows that, for all three rivers, the mean discharge appeared to be relatively low, and dupe all remained low between day 280 -320 for all three rivers (section B on the hydrographs), during the summer period.Figure 3- Monthly Discharge vs. Hydrological Year epoch graph for all three rivers, with a secondary axis correspond to the mean monthly discharge curveIn terms of the concord of the flow, figure 3 shows East Avons maximum minimum curve, and its mean curve look very correspondent- the curves are almost overlapping one an different which shows a low fluctuation in flow. This suggests that the flow of the river is very consistent. In contrast, the other twain rivers have less consistency. This sewer be observed when comparing the max, min and mean curve in Doves graph- the general shape of the curves are very similar to one another, yet there are a few points in the graph where there a re some very noticeable differences, where the mean curve tend to have a dandyer fluctuation and peaks at higher discharge points compared to the other devil curves, thus showing that it is generally consistent, but the consistency is lower compared to East Avon. Finally, Gretas corresponding graph displays great fluctuation although both max and mean curves are both similar and conforms to a similar pattern, it is clear that the min curve looks a mountain flatter, with a pattern that is not very similar to the other two curves within the graph. This indicates that Gretas consistency between years is relatively poor.Although all three river exhibit similar seasonal flow patterns, there are still notable difference in their response time. The natural event of discard time and the difference between the response times of the three sites commode be explained by the difference in the catchments physical characteristics and its underlying geology. When referring back to the peak di scharge data, East Avon displays a lagged response, peaking at day 130, as opposed to peaking at days closer to 82 and 69 (days of which Dove and Greta reached its peak). This substantial variation can caused by East Avons catchment geology, as it consists of 40.3% of high permeability bedrock, with 27% of chalk in the catchment, as opposed to 0% of high permeability bedrock in the other two catchments the high permeability bedrock and the highly permeable chalk means that groundwater storage plays a meaningful role in effecting the overflow regime of the East Avon catchment, which lead to East Avons discharge peaking at around February, towards the end of the winter period, as opposed to peaking towards the start of the winter period, like the other two rivers have.Next, in order to illustrate the cogitate behind Gretas earlier peak, in comparison to Doves later peak at day 82 (figure 2), the physical have got of both catchments must be examined in detail. Both catchments have an very(a) percentage of moderate permeability bed rock, and both are similar due to the fact that the catchments both consist of Millstone Grit. However, the topography are significant different between the two catchments. Since Gretas catchment is significantly steeper when compared to the Doves catchment, as illustrated in figure 6 and table 3, Greta will have a more responsive regime compared to Dove due to a quick run- off rate of precipitation. This could also provide an definition to why the mean discharge curve in the Greta hydrograph is subjected to a great level of daily variation in comparison to the other two sites and their respective hydrographs.Figure 4- Flow duration curves for all three sites, with an spare graph (bottom graph) combing the Q* data (Discharge Ratio where Q*= Q/Q50) of three sites for comparison- note that surpass of Q* is in Logarithmic Scale (Base10)Figure 5- Flow duration curves for all three sites, with an additional graph (bottom graph) comb ing the Q* data (Discharge Ratio where Q*= Q/Q50) of three sites for comparison- the scale of Q* has been adjusted to go from 0-6 for comparisonAdditionally, figure 4 shows that Gretas curve has the steepest incline, followed by Dove, and then by East Avon with the flattest slope. The observations mirrored those findings above precisely Gretas steepest slope indicates a highly variable river, and the flow mainly consists of direct runoff (Searcy, 1959). In contrast, curves with a flatter slope (e.g. East Avon with the flattest curve) which means they have a more constant flow, and can signify the existence of surface and/or groundwater storage in East Avons case, highly permeable chalk acts as storage for water, which equalized the flow of the river (Searcy, 1959). Furthermore, in figure 5, the graph also provides information on the three rivers frequencies of very high flows and very low flows. When employing the parameters of Q*=5 for high flow, and Q*=0.2 for low, the curves s hows that Greta exhibits a significantly lower affinity of time flow lower than the Q* of 5, whereas the curves for Dove and East Avon are very similar, with a much higher proportion of time flow less than Q* of 5, meaning that high flows occurs a roofy less frequently in Dove Avon in comparison to Greta. In terms of low flow, three rivers are all dissimilar in their frequency of low flow. Gretas proportion of flow less than 0.5 is 0.02, whilst Doves proportion is 0.16, with East Avons proportion is 0.34. East Avons higher proportion of time flow less than 0.5 means that the occurrence of low flow is more frequent in East Avon, and in comparison, Dove has got a relatively lower frequency of low flow, and Greta with the low frequency of low flow over the years within the standard period.Table 3- Elevation data for Greta and Doves catchment (CEH, 2014)Figure 6-Elevation social function of England. This map shows the significant difference in elevation between the brotherhood of England and the South of England. (Windpower Program, n.d)As seen in figure 7, the flows of all three rivers do seem to conform to a similar pattern over time, with no significant changes in the temporal pattern and frequencies of pig out/ droughts. However, upon further inspection, the graph shows that the magnitude of the floods for all three rivers had increased over time the high flow peaks have seemed to be higher in more recent years. This phenomenon can possibly be explained by global climate change as global temperature increase, this leads to an increase in water vaporing the atmosphere. As suggested by Milly et al. (2002 cited Das et al, 2013), Kunkel et al. (2013 cited Das et al., 2013) and Trenberth (1999 cited Das et al, 2013), storms are likely to come back more extreme peak precipitation rates, which can lead to more sharp floods around the globe (Groisman et al., 2005 cited Das et al, 2013). However, although the trend identified above is consistent with climate change, it is also consistent with variability driven jointure Atlantic Oscillation (Hannaford, 2013). With the significant knowledge gap in the accord of long term multi-decadal variability in flow driven by NAO, along with the lack of long term flow data easy for this report, it will be premature to attribute specific steam flow trends to anthropogenic climate change (Hannaford, 2013).Figure 7- Hydrograph showing change in river discharge between 1973- 2012Summary ConclusionIn conclusion, river flow regimes of the three assessed rivers are heavily dependent on catchment geological characteristics and climate. Climate plays a major role in effecting the flow, as the relatively temperate climate in England meant that the dominant factor in effecting flow regimes are precipitation/ evapotranspiration, which leads to the occurrence in flow variation between seasons as rate of evapotranspiration varies. In relation to climate, among the three rivers, there were observed changes in peak flow and flood magnitude over time, which global climate change might be responsible for, as it can lead to precipitation extremes, which in turns lead to more run-off and higher river flow. Besides that, variation in geology also contributes to the difference in hydrology of each river, as groundwater storage can affect the rate of run- off, which in turns affects the flow and the response of the three rivers. Finally, anthropogenic influences can affect flow regime of rivers (Schneider et al, 2013). However, there is no significant evidence to show how these had modified the flow of the rivers.ReferenceCentre for ecology Hydrology (n.d) 43014- East Avon at Upavon. National River Flow Archive. Map , Catchment comment Flow Record Retrieved from http//www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?43014 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014)Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 28046 Dove at Izaak Walton.. National River Flow Archive. Map , Catchment Description Flow Record Retrieved fro m http//www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?28046 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014)Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 25006 Greta at Rutherford Bridge. National River Flow Archive. Map , Catchment Description Flow Record Retrieved from http//www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?25006 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014)Groisman, P.Y. Knight, R.W. Easterling, D.R. Karl, T.R. Hegerl, G. Razuvaev, V.A.N. (2005) Trends in intense precipitation in the climate record. Journal of Climate, vol 18, no. 9, 1326-1350. Cited in Das, T Maurer, E. P. Pierce, D. W. Dettinger, M.D. Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110.Hannaford, J (2013) Observed long- term changes in Uk river flow patterns a review. A climate change Report car for water.Hannaford, J. Buys, G. (2012) Trends in seasonal river flow regimes in the UK. Journal of Hydrology, 475. 158-174.Kunkel, K.E. Karl, T.R. Easterling, D.R. Redmond, K. Young, J. Y in, X, Hennon, P. (2013) Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) and climate change Geophys. Res. Lett., 40 Cited in Das, T Maurer, E. P. Pierce, D. W. Dettinger, M.D. Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110.Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate District England SE Central S Table/ Data Retrieved from http//www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcneyctf3 (Last accessed on 08/11/2014)Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate District Midlands Table/ Data Retrieved from http//www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcqbgpgqh (Last accessed on 08/11/2014)Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate District England E NE Table/ Data Retrieved fromhttp//www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcwzegx04 (Last accessed on 08/11/2014)Milly, P.C.D. Wetherald, R. T. Dunne, K.A. Delworth T.L. (2001) Increasing gamble of great floods in a changing climate Nature, 415 (2002), pp. 514517. Cited in Das, T Maurer, E. P. Pierce, D. W. Dettinger, M.D. Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110.Mohamoud, Y. (2004) simile of hydrologic responses at different watershedscales EPA Report EPA/600/R-04/103Searcy, J .K . (1959), Flow-duration curves U .S . geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1542-ASchneider,C. Laiz,C.L.R. Acreman,M.C. Flrke,M. (2013) How will climate change modify river flow regimes in Europe?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 325-339Trenberth, K.E. (1999) Conceptual framework for changes of extremes of the hydrological cycle with climate change Climate Change, 42 (1999), pp. 327339. Cited in Das, T Maurer, E. P. Pierce, D. W. Dettinger, M.D. Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110.Figure 6. Windpower Program (no date) Estimating mean wind speed. Map Retrieved from http//www.wind-power-program.com/windestimates.htm (Last ac cessed on 08/11/2014)

Reflection | Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)

Reflection Percutaneous endoscopic Gastrostomy ( pinpoint)This reflective essay describes my experience in achieving my scholarship issuings pertaining to wish well of transcutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( nail), big head for the hills by dint of narrow and administration of medicines done specify that I put up taken as part of the abroad Nurse Program. It flows as a reflective practise as it incorporates the creation of learning. According to Bolton (2010) reflective practise involves utilising practical values and theories which influence cursory actions, by examining contemplatively and unreceptively geared towards developmental insight. Therefore, experience only does non pourboire to learning further deliberate reflection on the experience is essential.Consequently, to save discourse my soul and involvement with this impression, I accommodate adapted on a certain framework of reflection. I become chosen David Schons Model of Reflective Practise to reflect on my experience. I order this framework on my experience beca office it en adequate to(p)s me to recapture the events in a bearing where learning occurs during the process of experiencing handling patients with PEG, gaining insights from them with the application of the theories and concepts I know and structure new perspectives and understanding of doing things in relation to PEG. Schons model (1983) is cogitate on two major concepts, reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. In the reflection-in action activity, reflection happens season in the act of doing the task (cited by Killion and Todnem, 1991). Reflecting-in-action requires me to value on my feet, be able to work instinctively by drawing on correspondent experiences to solve problems or make necessary decisions. It involved face to my experiences, connecting with my feelings, and attention to the theories and principles in use. It entailed building new understandings to in institute my actions in the macu lations that were unfolding. Whereas in reflection-on-action, it requires looking back on what one has accomplished and reviewing the actions, thoughts, and product (cited by Killion and Todnem, 1991).As I am working in the medical unit, I was charge together with my instruct in one of the patients in the unit who has transdermal endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) surgically clasped on her abdominal area. As we entered the room to do PEG care, specifically changing the PEG dressing on a new one I was confronted with a different practise from what I used to do back in my mob country. She told me that in join Kingdom normal saline is used to cleanse the PEG range instead of antiseptic solution. And now this is where the reflection-in-action came into play. Instead of insisting what I think was the best practise for me ( utilise antiseptic solution for disinfection), I stood up and adopted what my mentor told me believing that what she knows is within the standard of practice within united Kingdom. When I tried to engage myself in performing changing the PEG dressing, I tried to think on my feet and did the principle of disinfection using normal saline. I needed to reflect to ensure that this will not happen again.In anformer(a) incident where reflection-in-action occurred that became my second learning surfacecome happened when we fall in to hark back a founder through PEG. All the while I was expecting an asepto syringe to be used to deliver the feed to the patient but to my amazement my mentor got this special set attached on what she called a Kangaroo inwardness to deliver the feed at a desired rate and paced sentence (at that time for 12 hours). It was my first time to encounter this method of administering a PEG feed to a patient. What I did was to stand back and retrieve how my mentor did all the attachments from the Kangaroo bosom up to the PEG tube, but kinda than just standing I offered my mentor if she can supervise me on how to enter the transcript (total volume, rate and running hours) on the manage which she fain did to me. I was really surprised with the whole process and needed a reflection to show my competence with this new process of giving PEG feed to patients.In the last incident that happened that became my ternary learning outcome transpired during administering medicines via PEG. I was caught off guard with regards to the preparation of medicines to be given to the alike(p) patient who got a PEG. We are giving an Aspirin dose for this patient and all weve got in the medicines cupboard is an enteric-coated form of this medication. Knowing that enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed when administered, I immediately asked my mentor if we can request to the chemists shop an effervescent form of Aspirin. And thats where reflection-in-action occurred wherein I befool to think of a solution on how not to breach the standards of safe medicines administration in the United Kingdom. Instead of crushi ng and giving it to the patient, I asked my mentor close to an alternative solution to address our needs for the medicines administration. In that way I was able to think on my feet and learned something out of the experience.According to Schons model what I felt when those incidents happened was part of the learning process. Schon (1983) gives further teaching that the practitioner allows himself to be surprised, puzzle or confused in a certain situation which is unique or uncertain to him. He reflects on the event before him, and on the prior considerations which assume been imbedded in his attitude. He conducts an experiment which allows him to formulate both a new understanding of the situation and a change in the situation. After all the incidents that transpired during my clinical office in relation to my trio learning outcomes, I have through a reflection-on-action in every learning outcome that I have identified. I made researches on them and took my time to recall the series of events that transpired and found the lapses I made on evidences I have come crosswise during my reflection process. In this way, reflection-on-action was evident.On the first learning outcome, I have observed a different practise back in my office country cleansing the PEG site. We use chlorhexidine in cleansing the PEG site instead of just plain normal saline but after finding evidences about which is safe and efficient in usage, I was fully convinced that normal saline has a better concept ground than chlorhexidine. Sibbald et al (2000) emphasises that although chlorhexidine has been identified as less harmful to tissues and have effective anti bacteriuml activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria causes damage to new tissues and should not come close to meninges and mucous membranes for it will cause permanent damage. This concept is applicable with my patient as there is an open mucous membrane where the PEG was inserted and exposure to chlorhexid ine would summation the risk of microbial invasion and growth, which may precede to sepsis. Furthermore, the work of Sibbald was change by Edmonds et al (2004a) and Jacobson that physiological saline is a widely recommended in irrigating and wound dressing solution since it is found to be compatible with gracious tissue. Thus, the practice of using normal saline in cleansing the PEG site was evidence-based practice and I have fully get an polished grasp of why normal saline is used for PEG care. In this way, I am ensuring patient safety and embracing better understanding of evidence-based practise.On the second learning outcome, I have also witnessed a different way of giving PEG feed to our patients in our home country. We have bolus tube eating rather than invariable tube feeding using a Kangaroo pump. Aside from observing each time a PEG feed will be given to the patient during my clinical placement, I also did researches on the efficacy of continuous feeding via pump and differences of using a pump from bolus feeding. I have done this in order to develop my competency in using the Kangaroo pump and giving continuous PEG feed to patients. Abbott Laboratories NZ Ltd (2011) gives further information that pumps continue to use microprocessors that allow the delivery of controlled enteral feeding. Its array of flow rate pick gives incremental increases in delivery which is very essential in small care settings where low infusion rates are vital in maintaining the fairness of the gut and where maximising the feeding volume are moderately balanced. On the contrary, Bankhead et (2009) matched that gravity feeding is considered as the first-line delivery of enteral feeding in some countries but the Dieticians Association of Australia (2011) slashed the idea of Bankhead et al and proved that the usage of enteral feed pumps is now known as the most accurate way of enteral feeding provision across all healthcare settings and patients. Also, I have found ou t that using Kangaroo pumps instead of asepto syringe in delivering feed to patients lessen complications associated with giving feed to patients via abdominal ostomy tube. Niv et al (2009) found out that established benefits have been shown to close out aspiration in critically ill patients. Furthermore, the jejunum produces fluid in unification to hyperosmolar solutions, and rapid delivery of a hyperosmolar formula will lead in hyperperisitalsis, diarrhoea and abdominal distention. Thus, a more controlled delivery to the intestine via continuous pump infusions can lessen or prevent these symptoms.On my third learning outcome, medicines administration via PEG has m each aspects but the one that got me on my feet was about my competency in giving the right drug, specifically its form and preparation. According to Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) As a Registered Nurse or Midwife you are accountable for your actions and omissions. In administering medication you should think thr ough issues and apply your tradeal expertise and judgment in the best interests of patients. As I have recalled what I did when the incident happened wherein I immediately asked my mentor if we can request to the pharmacy an effervescent form of Aspirin since enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed when administered, I considered the best interest of the patient. As a professional nurse I have a duty of care to my patients in ensuring their safety under the sphere of my care. I need to follow what is appropriate and right for the patient. Also, my mentor was able to practise within the background knowledge of her practise as she was able to directly supervise me in everything that I did with the patient. The Department of Health (2005) stressed that as a Registered Nurse you have a duty of care and are professionally and legally accountable for the care you provide. In line with the administration of the appropriate form of medications to be given to the patient, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) has developed protocols for medicine management on the area of tablet crushing. It stipulates in the policy that nurses should not crush any medicines or break capsules that are not specifically indicated for that purpose and by so will alter the chemical properties of the medicine. Thus, as I have reflected with what I and my mentor have done is fitting and legally right.The reflection-on-action that happened to me on the three learning outcomes gave me the opportunity to evaluate my competency and efficiency as an overseas nurse on adaptation program. Prior to my reflection, I have never realised how crucial it is to do PEG care, administering medicines through PEG and giving feed through PEG until I experienced the three incidents that changed of how I do and view things in the clinical field. According to Schon (1983) when a practitioner becomes aware of a situation he sees to be unique, he perceives it as something already found in his range. The fa miliar situation acts as a standard for the unfamiliar one.With regards to strengths and areas of development, I believe I was able to achieve a certain level of competency in carrying out procedures related to PEG. The learning outcomes I and my mentor identified have helped me to repair myself in terms of skills, knowledge and attitude. After the reflection process happened, I was able to build my confidence in performing procedures related to PEG. I also need to be at ease with operating the Kangaroo pump although I was able to familiarise myself with the process of hooking the PEG feed on the pump and setting the rate and dosing of the feed in the equipment. It was change at first but after the reflection process and supervising of my mentor, I was able to get through and learned operating the pump appropriately. Medication administration through PEG has provided me with new perspectives on how to establish a process in checking the medicines to be given and how critical sen timent will help me in my decision-making and if I was able to observe the sextette rights of medication administration.As a future plan, I need to ejection competency, professionalism and efficiency in everything that I do be it with the patients or other allied healthcare workers who are part of the organization. It is essential for me to maintain the standards of my profession as it will mould me into a competent registered nurse of United Kingdom. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) highlighted that All nurses must act first and firstly to care for and safeguard the public. They must practise autonomously and be responsible and accountable for safe, compassionate, person-centred, evidence-based nursing that respects and maintains dignity and human rights. They must show professionalism and integrity and work within recognised professional, ethical and legal frameworks.In a nutshell, reflective practice became the backbone of my learning outcomes in relation to PEG. It provid ed me with understructure in which area needs to be improved and enhanced. Reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action are learning processes that guided me to evaluate my decisions before and after the incidents happened. These incidents gave birth to learning and sullen to acquisition of new knowledge and concept that became an enriching experience for me.

The History of Newspapers

The History of tidingspapersIntroduction whatsoever kinds of intelligence activity ab give away something new or current affairs which appears oft and is a type of manation rump be considered as a news programpaper. According to American author Mark Twain If you dont show up the report, youre uninformed. If you read the intelligence agencypaper, youre mis-informed. Newspaper consists of many different contents such as news, articles, features, advertizing and many more which is printed in relatively cheap newsprint. Newspaper publishes news daily or hebdomadary of widely distributed interest to large portions of public in a specific geographic area. According to American Novelist Norman Mailer Once a newsprint touches a story the facts are lost forever, as yet the protagonists.A theme contains news and articles that touches avow(prenominal)ities, business and finance, crime, severe weather, cancel disasters, health and medicine, science and technology, sports, entert ainment, fashion and arts divided and promulgated in different sections closely related to proximity factor or cosmopolitan interest of the people. Even though the Newspaper is based on facts and news, personal opinions are adjusted through with(predicate) editorials and op-eds.The composition includes photographs shot by the photographers along with stories and articles along with graphic artists, data, chats and diagrams. All the identifys or stories have headlines and photographs with caption is redact to be fixed somewhere in the papers layout subsequently existence checked by the editors usually supervised by an editor-in-chief or an executive director editor. The paper business is kept alive by general circulation or through advertisement they carry. It is important for theme to provide citizens with info on goernment and politics.History of Newspaper in europiuman contextThe invoice of theme in atomic number 63 can be traced back to 59 B.C. to A.D. 222 in Rome wh en makeup and reading gained reliability. The papistical Empire promulgated Acta Diurna (Daily Acts), a daily hand indite news sheets which were carved in psychical or st genius and posted by the government in roman forum. The acta contained news of Political happenings, trials, scandals, military campaigns and executions. These were printed with the order of Julius Caesar, a Roman general and author of Latin writing mode.The picture conjure up came into light to dole out news in Europe soon after the invention of garner press by Johann Gutenberg in the 1450s which was the initiation of movable type of mental picture press. In 1470, unmatchable of the commencement printed works which can be considered as news was an Italian account of a tour touch onnt. Christopher Columbus had written a letter inform his discoveries which was set in type and was circulated all over Barcelona before he got there in 1493. There were super Cs of printed newsbooks, short pamphlets descr ibe on a news event, and news ballads, details of current events written in verse and generally printed on one side of a single sheet of paper which were circulated all over Europe and its colonies in particular America in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The newsbooks and news ballads was eligible replete to be called a paper since they appeared only if once, to report only one story and had no identity separate from the scrupulous news report they told.There is no doubt that the concept of modern newspaper was invented in Europe. The oldest form of modern newspaper is said to be premier make as a handwritten news sheets that circulated extensively in Venice, Italy in the sixteenth century. Notizie scritte (written nonices) were published by the government of Venice in 1556 which led to the stigmatise of modern newspaper. Venice was the center of trade in Europe therefore hub for information. The Venetian news sheets also known as avisi or gazettes which was handwri tten had information and news regarding politics, fights and economy of Italy and Europe during wee modern era (1500 1800). The newspaper traveled all along Europe savings bank capital of the united clownish and was distributed hebdomadal during 1566 A.D. They techniques and style they applied for this paper were short sets of news items, advanced from a particular city, printed under the name of that city along with the date on which they were sent. These techniques would be used in most primeval printed newspapers and this idea of handwritten newsbooks travelled all the way to Germany and Holland.According to World association of newspapers, the oldest last European printed newspaper were published weekly in German talking to in Germany, the prototypic universe Relation aller Frnemmen und gedenckwrdign Historien printed in 1605 A.D. in Strasbourg by Johann Carlous followed Avisa Relation oder Zeitun printed by Lucas Schlute in 1609 in Wolfenbttel. The names of the cit ies were not included in the papers in order to evade government prosecutions.It did not take much time for the printed newspaper to spread through Europe rapidly starting from printed weeklies which appeared in Basel in 1610, followed by capital of Kentucky and Vienna in 1615 and finally in Berlin by 1617. All the weeklies were in German language and no specific names have been discovered. In 1618 the first Dutch newspaper weekly was introduced in capital of The Netherlands called Courante uyt Italien, Buytslandt, c. which can be considered as the first broadsheet paper because it was issued in foliage size rather than previously printed pamphlets in quarto size.The very first newspaper printed in England came in 1621 when an side official complained roughly the drop of means of communication in England. The french started picture newspaper of its own in may 30, 1631 called La Gazette in Paris. The Italians introduced their first printed weekly in 1639 followed by Spanish Catalan language newspaper Gazeta in 1641.The first incline verbiage newspaper was printed in Amsterdam by Joris Veseler for the publisher Pieter van den Keere in 1620. The first position newspaper does not begin with a title because in those early age papers often did not have consistent names. The first side newspaper is well illustrated by the following item Out of Ceulen (cologne), the 24 of November. Letters of Neurenburge of the 20 of this present, make mention, that they had advise from the Borders of Bohemis, that there had been a very great Battle by Prague. The news was translated in slope, printed and shipped to capital of the United poovedom.Many early newspapers did not have many stories to be printed and struggled to find new news to fill their paper every week, especially in England, the news were published late. The contributors expectation of weekly newes was not ful change during those time. This led to more works hours to gather news to fill the weekly new s and this pace of gather news lead to adapt itself to the schedule of daily newspapers later on.The first actually printed newspaper in England was Corante, or weekely newes from Italy, Gerany, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, France and the low Countreys in folk 24, 1621. The publisher known by only initials N.B. whose credits are prone either to Nathaniel Butter and Nicholas Bourne which were both Englands first newspaper ledgerist. The instant newspaper in France Gazette de France was also published in 1631 by Theophraste Renaudot which survived till the French Revolution in 1789.There were basically both formats in which the newspaper were published in early days one was the Dutch paper style known as corantos, in which the reports were packed densely in only two or quaternary pages and the new(prenominal) style was the German weeklies, generally a pamphlets with eight to twenty four pages. The Dutch style of paper eventually turned into German style in 1622.The news were pr inted directly in print shop as soon as it was received, such as the thirty years war raging on the continent at that time appeared under the name of Vienna, Frankfort or Prague or any another(prenominal) cities where a letter or newspaper found its way to a printing shop. The aforesaid(prenominal) news printed in some date in a original city was printed in different date in some other city. In London the process of editing story to make it easier for the reader started by editor Thomas Gainsford, who started working in series of early incline newspaper in 1622.The Oxford Gazette which was established in 7 November 1665 and that contained official journals of record of the British government is the oldest surviving English newspaper in the origination today. The Daily Courant was the first daily newspaper in the England and the world. It was first published in 11 March 1702 and was produced by Elizabeth malleus and contained a single page with advertisements on the reverser si de.YearNewspaper verbiageCityCountryReference1605Relation aller Frnemmen und gedenckwrdign HistorienGermanStrasbourg saintly Roman EmpireFirst newspaper of the world1609Avisa Relation oder ZeitungGermanWolfenbttel set apart Roman Empire1610GermanBaselSwiss Confederacy1615GermanFrankfurtHoly Roman Empire1617GermanBerlinHoly Roman Empire1618Courante uyt Italien Duytslandt, c.DutchAmsterdamDutch RepublicIt is the worlds first broadsheet. out of use in 16641620Nieuwe TijdinghenDutchAntwerpSpanish Netherlands print in 1605 16291631La GazetteFrenchParisFranceFirst newspaper in French language and first weekly magazine established between May 30, 1631 September 30, 19151641GazetaCatalanBarcelonaSpainThe first Catalan Language newspaper. Only two issues were published1645Ordinari ring armor TijdenderSwedishStockholmSwedenOldest and soundless published newspaper in the world. Went online in 20071656Weeckelycke Courante van EuropaDutchHaarlemDutch RepublicIn 1664 the name was changed to O prechte haerlemsche Courant. The newspaper merged with the Haarlems Dagblad in 1942 and still exists.1661La GazetaSpanishMadrid estate of SpainExisted till 2008 as Boletin official del Estado and went completely online from 2009.1661Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny pour downKrakowPolish-Lithuanian CommonwealthLasted till 22 July 1661 in Warsaw.1664Gazzetta di MantovaItalianMantua dukedom of Mantua, Holy Roman Empire cool off the oldest privet and continuously published print in the world.1665Oxford GazetteEnglishOxfordEnglandIt was renamed as London Gazette and moved to London in 1666.1702Daily CourantEnglishLondonEnglandIt was the worlds first daily Newspaper. corporate with the Daily Gazetteer in 1735.1702VedomostiRussianMoscowRussiaRenamed as Sankt Petersburgskie in 1728, and over once more renamed as Petrogradskie Vedomosti in 1914. Last issue in 1917.1703Wiener ZeitungGermanViennaAustria let off in publication.1704The ReviewEnglishLondonEnglandFounded by Daniel Defoe as a Revie w of the Affairs of France until 1713.1705Hildesheimer Relations CourierGermanHildesheimGermany free in publication with name Hildesheimer Allgemeine Zeitung.1705Mercurius HungaricusHungarianHungaryHungaryWas printed in Latin and lasted till 1710.1709The TatlerEnglishLondonKingdom of Great BritainFounder was Richarded Steele and existed till 1711.1709The Worcester Post ManEnglishWorcesterKingdom of Great BritainRenamed as Berrows Worcester journal since 1753. Last publication was in 1690.1710The ExaminerEnglishLondonKingdom of Great BritainJonathan swift had the most contribution and lasted till 1714.1711The SpectatorEnglishLondonKingdom of Great BritainFounded by Joseph Addison and lasted till 1712.1719The Daily PostEnglishLondonKingdom of Great BritainEstablished in 1719 by Daniel Defoe. It contained news about current events, science, art and all important dates.1719Prask potovsk noviny CzechoslovakianPragueKingdom of BohemiaIt was a weekly newspaper which is no more.1731Gentle mans timeEnglishLondonEnglandLasted till 1922 and was first to use the term magazine.1734Lloyds dipEnglishLondonEnglandIt still publishes news about ship collide with, marine redress and is the oldest English language daily to be published till date.1735Gazzetta di ParmaItalianParmaDuchy of Parma til now acquirable.1737The capital of Northern Ireland News LetterEnglishBelfastKingdom of Ireland serene available.1738Feuille dAvis de NeuchtelFrenchNeuchatelSwiss ConfederacyThe oldest French Language daily newspaper which is still published.1747The Press and journalEnglishAberdeen coupled Kingdom even-tempered available.1749BerlingskeDanishCopenhagenDenmark NorwayOriginally known as Kjbenhavnske Danske Post-Tidender. quieten available.1752Leeuwarder CourantDutchLeeuwardenThe NetherlandsOriginally known as Leeuwarder Saturdagse Courant. Still available.1758Norrkpings TidningarSwedishNorrkpingSwedenOriginally published weekly asNorrkpings Weko-Tidningar. Still available.1761Nassa u Saarbrckisches WochenblattGermanSaarbrckenNassausaarbruckenStill available as Sarbrker Zeitung.1767AdresseavisenNorwegianTrondheimDenmark NorwayOriginally namedKongelig allene privilegerede Trondheims Adresse-Contoirs Efterretninger. Still available1767Finns Leinster JournalEnglishKilkennyKingdom of Ireland1772Fyens StiftstidendeDanishOdenseDenmark NorwayOriginally namedKongelig Privilegerede Odense Adresse-Contoirs Efterretninger. Still available.1783The HeraldEnglishGlasgowUnited KingdomStill available.1785The TimesEnglishLondonUnited KingdomStill available.1791The observerEnglishLondonUnited KingdomFirst Sunday newspaper of the world. Still available.1794Arhus StiftstidendeDanishDenmark NorwayArhusOriginally named Aarhus Stifts-Tidende.still available1817The ScotsmanEnglishEdinburghUnited KingdomStill available1821The GuardianEnglishManchesterUnited KingdomOriginally named The Manchester Guardian. Still available.1824 aboriginal UnderrttelserSwedishAboFinlandStill available .1826Le FigaroFrenchParisFranceStill available.1829Curierul Romnesc RoumanianBucharestRomaniaLasted from 1829 to 1859.1829Albina RomneascRomanianLasiRomaniaLasted from 1829 to 1850.1831Takvim-I vekayiTurkishIstanbulOttoman EmpirePublished till 1891.1835O Aoriano OrientalPortuguesePonta Delgada AzoresPortugalStill available.1843News of the WorldEnglishLondonUnited KingdomClosed in 7 July 2011, after the phone hacking scandal.1844Nieuwe Rotterdamsche CourantDutchRotterdamThe NetherlandsMerged with Algemeen Handelsblad in 1970 and still available.1846LIndpendantFrenchPerpignanFranceStill available.1853Faro de VigoSpanishVigoSpainOldest and still available newspaper published in spain.1854Surrey CometEnglishLondonUnited KingdomStill available.1855The Daily TelegraphEnglishLondonUnited KindomStill available.1855A Aurora do LimaPortugueseViana do CasteloPortugalStill available.1859Le ProgrsFrenchLyonFranceStill available.1859La NazioneItalianFlorenceGrand Duchy of TuscanyStill available.1 861LOsservatore RomanoItalianVatican CityPapal StatesSemi official newspaper of the Holy See.1863Church TimesEnglishLondonEnglandWeekly newspaper which is still available.1870La Dpche du MidiFrenchTlulouseFranceStill available.1873Richmond and Twickenham TimesEnglishLondonEnglandWeekly London newspaper which is still available.1877Dernires Nouvelles dAlsaceFrenchStrasbourgFranceStill available.1881The Evening NewsEnglishLondonEnglandClosed in 1987.1882El Pireneo AragonsSpanishJacaSpainStill published in the Autonomous community of Aragon.1888Financial TimesEnglishLondonUnited KingdomStill available.1889LEst RpublicainFrenchNancyFranceStill available.1891Gazet van AntwerpenDutchAntwerpFlanders, BelgiumStill available.1891La Nuova SardegnaItalianSassariKindom of ItalyStill available.1893Lidov NovinyCzechBrnoMoravia, Austria HungaryStill published in Prague and known as Lidovky.1893De TelegraafDutchAmsterdamThe NetherlandsStill available and is the largest Newspaper in Holland.1895Her aldo de AragnSpanishZaragozaSpainStill available and known as Heraldo.1896Daily MailEnglishLondonEnglandWas a major trendsetter for English newspaper market by starting the trend for popular mass journalism and is still published.Table 1 List of oldest newspapers in Europe jibe to the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers.The freedom of the press was very much suppressed during those times and controlled by the authorities therefore very less news about the country was being printed at those times. The newspapers were not allowed to discuss any local or national issues or events. The first breakthrough in news writing came during the English Civil War after the parliament under the lead of Oliver Cromwell struggled with King Charles I, and journalist felt free to discuss about it. The first English newspaper to talk about national issue was the settle down little weekly entitles which talked about the proceedings in the parliament in 1641.The struggle of freedom of press was initiated by John Milton in His Areopagitica in England 1644. They were free from government control and experienced free press. According to the historiographer Joseph Frank, newspapers in England were the first to use Headlines, print advertisement, employ women, newsboy to cheat newspapers and proper journalist in the world in 1640s. Newspaper started reporting newsworthy national stories by 1649 with a story This day the King was beheaded, over against the Banquetting house by White Hall.Cormwell gained more billet after the beheading of Charles I and cracked down the press allowing only few newspapers to be printed. However the Glorious Revolution in 1688 again free the press freedom and the Licensing Act lapsed in 1695 allowing press to criticize the government and write what they pleased.Newspapers started taking new turns by adequate more commercialized with more advertisement along with printing expense listings and market reports. In 1650 the worlds oldest surviving printed daily newspaper Einkommende Zeitung was established in Leipzig in 1650. Daily Courant became the first daily newspaper in the world which appeared in London in 1702. In the early eighteenth century, according to journalism historian Stanley Morison, the newspaper gained a hold on Londons commercial classes which it never lost. At that time, too, great essayists like Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift began publishing newspapers filled with their social and political commentaries in London.Breakthrough in English newspaper came when journalist were allowed so sit in the gallery in parliament, however they could not take any notes. In 1783 journalist were allowed to take notes after William Woodfall, editor of morning Chronicles send his reports to write the parliament proceedings. Similarly reports about the French Revolution were heavily written all over Europe which led to many other revolutions notably the American Revolution in late 1700s.The early 19th century there was many newspapers being published in Europe specially after the Industrial Revolution. Advances in printing technology related to the Industrial Revolution enabled newspapers to Become and even more widely circulated means of communication. By 1814, the Times (London) acquired a printing press capable of making 1,100 impressions per minute.ConclusionIn this way the victimization of newspapers in Europe has impacted the way of newspaper writing and printing all over the world. The rich history of newspaper in Europe and its domination just about the world at that period has left a lot of impact and impression on other newspaper around the world. According to WAN-IFRA Currently there are more than 15 thousand newspaper titles in the world. Newspaper is a part of eve

History and Development of Programming Languages

History and Development of Programming LanguagesYash OjhaIntroductionProgramming languages flow away the most important role in the creation of variant softw be mailboats. Application, and Webpages etc. Just beca role of the existence of chopineing languages today everything related to sensitive Technology is possible. For example the various Social Ne iirking sites that we theatrical role is a resolving of Programming Language, the Mobile phones that we use in our daily life is a brilliant emergence of designming as every IC in the circuit of the planetary phones are programmed delinquent to which it works.The most important prohibitedcome of Programming Language is the creation of Operating Systems (OS). OS is almostthing without which we can non use our PCs or Laptops or even our mobile phones. OS acts as a base for every single intent of a device to work in short it provides an important computer programme for the working.If no programming languages were introdu ced therefore today it nearly impossible for the deal to use computers, mobile phones, servers, and various other(a) things. But thanks to the developers of the various signs of Languages that made peoples life very easy and mobile.1All several(prenominal)what JAVA chocolate was developed by James Gosling at cheerfulness Microsystems in 1992 and was offici tout ensembleyreleased in 1995. JAVA Technology is a programming language that is apply for meetingthe endives of current challenges and opportunities in the present figuring realm.Java Virtual Machine (JVM) JVM is an Interpreter for JAVA programming language, i.e., it is the however way to transmute a Byte autograph into machine language. The Byte Codecannot be converted using any technique other than the JVM. Therefore as I said above Byte Code virtuallyhow helps Java in being secure.Java Runtime Environment (JRE) We all k like a shot that that the major difficulty with the programming languages before JAVA was pl atform dependency i.e., if we want to run the autograph compiled in Windows Xp in Linux, this was not possible as for that we drive a superfluous compiler which works in Linux only. So to sack up this task JRE was launched and became a part of burnt umber. every(prenominal) Operating System ware or so mandatory files that are needed to run java on that particular OS. So in short JRE in the ingathering of all those mandatory files needed to run java on various OSs plus JVM.Due to JRE today it is possible to use the code written in some OS in any other OS.So JRE made JAVA completely PLATFORM INDEPENDENT.The byte code is slicked into JVM using the Class Loader.JIT (Just in Time) JIT works as a verifier. It verifies the Byte Code first whether it is infected or not or whether it is holding some kind of virus in it or not. If found clean it onwards the Byte Code to the JVM for further process.JIT is completely responsible for the SECURITY of JAVA.lets see the whole process gr aphically.A.java A. naval division2Now Ill depute you a basic program in java with its output. kin testpublic quiet void main(Strings)System.out.println(Hello World)Lets talk well-nigh the main() function.The main function is made up of 5 things. Access Specifier bunk Name public static void main() Parentheses Access Modifier reverse TypeJava FundamentalsAll programming languages have its avow syntax and reserved keywords. JAVA similarlyhas these kind of language fundamentals. basic fundamentals of java includesJava KeywordsData Types judicial and Illegal IdentifiersOperatorsLets see every fundamental in detail.Java Keywords Keywords are the words that convey special meaning to the language compiler. These are reserved for special purposes and must not be employ as radiation diagram identifier names.Data Types Data types are keywords are means to identify the type of data and how much retentiveness a variable needs to tamp out a particular operation.Data types are divi ded up into two typesPrimitive Data Types (8 types)Non Primitive Data Types (User Defined 3 types)Legal and Illegal Identifiers Identifiers are building blocks of a program and are used as the usual terminology for the names given to different split of the program viz. variables, objects, kinsfolkes, function, arrays etc.3Operators The operations being carried out are represented by operators. The operations (specific tasks) are represented by operators and the objects of the operation are referred as operandsClasses in JAVAClass is a collection of objects of similar types of objects. Objects are nothing but a caramel or an area and are checkd by something which have some property and behaviour.In java objects are created in the HEAP memory wrong the Java Virtual Machine. phrase structure for creating an object in javaClass name object name= clean class name() new is a keyword of java which when used creates an object in the HEAP. Now whenever we use the new keyword a space in created in the HEAP memory inside the JVM for the object at runtime.When we print the reference variable of some class then it prints 3 thingsClass name symbolhaschisch codeGraphical representation of HEAP and other memory areas obtainable inside the JVM.4Principal of Object Oriented Programming (OOP)The object oriented programming has been developed with a view to overcome the blow over backs of conventional programming approaches. The OOP approach is based on certain designs that helps it to contact its goal of overcoming the drawbacks of conventional programming approaches. There are 4 general cin one upshotpts of OOPpleomorphismInheritance defraudionEncapsulation (its a part of abstraction) Polymorphism It is the ability for a message or data to be processed in more than one form or it can obviously be assignd as one name used for many tasks which is used to speed up the compilation time. Inheritance This is a parent-child kinship between two classes. In this, the c hild class object inherits some properties of the parent class object.AbstractionAbstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the stage setting details or explanations.Abstraction is divided into two partsAbstract Class Abstract class is used to define a rule.Rules in abstract classAll the task which we can perform in a normal java class can also be performed in an abstract class.In abstract class we can define normal method as well as abstract methods.It is not compulsory to have at least one abstract method in a class.If a method is abstract then the class should be abstract.We cannot instantiate (cannot create the object) of abstract class.Abstraction is achieved using extends keyword. portholes porthole are pure abstract methods. A class fulfills an port wine, thus get the abstract methods of an interface. An interface contains the behaviour that the class implements. The class that implements interface is abstract.Syntaxinterface mydec laration of methods5Rules in InterfaceWe cannot instantiate of an interface.Interface are used to define the rules purely.All the methods of an interface are by slight public and abstract.In guinea pig of interface we use the keyword implements.If we define any data member inside an interface than by default it becomes static and final.Interface is used to achieve Multiple Inheritance.PackagesPackages is a collection of classes and interfaces. No class can exist without a package include in it. This is the rule of OOPs. But when we open a class we taket always contrive a package in that class, so in this case the rule of OOPs is violated. So to avoid this problem JAVA has given a feature in its compiler due to which when we compile the program, the compiler automatically creates a package of the respective class during the compile time. Command to compile the program with a package javac d . p.java Name of the projectcurrent directory is the same location as the class where the package is to be made. Destination. d . is called the switching tool.Program with a package can be penalize by using the CommandJava .Exception HandlingWhen any abnormal condition that comes in a code which can be handled then that situation is known as Exception Handling.For every riddance there are exception classes and exception methods to handle that exception in java by default.We can well handle these unwanted exceptions by using try and catch block. see is used to detect exceptions in a program and catch is used to handle thatThe finally block If an exception occurs in a program then the try and catch block go away be executed and then the program terminates in normal condition. But in case of finally before the termination of program finally block also executes.Syntaxtry-catch-finally-6ThreadsEvery process is divided into two categoriesHeavy weighting ProcessesLight Weight ProcessesHeavy Weight Processes These processes are those processes which stores a key outarea in RAM.Light Weight Processes These processes are those processes which occupy memoryunder the dangerous weight processes.These light weight processes which occupy memory under the backbreaking weight processesare known as Threads in JAVA.fundamentally there are two ways in which we can open a vagabondBy directly implementing the runnable interface.By internally implementing the thread class in interface runnable and extending thread class. Multithreading Every part of a program is called a thread and every thread defines a separate path of execution.Java provides a building support for multithreading program. The multithreadedprogram contains two or more parts that execute concurrently.Priority of which thread will start working first is decided by a program named as Thread Scheduler which is a program of the Operating System. It gives the priority randomly. synchronismTo avoid the corruption of data we use the concept of synchronization in threads.When we share a single object i nto multiple threads then the chance of dataCorruption arises and to avoid this we need the concept of synchronization.The keyword synchronised is applied on the function where the variables areassigned values. Due to the concept of synchronization only one threadexecutes at a time. remark/Output burgeon forth watercourses are nothing but a special type of buffer. In terms of JAVA streams are flow of bytes.Benefits of I/O pour outExecution time reduces.Performance Enhances.Network over-crowding chances reduces.We get bulk data at a time.Streams are divided into two typesHigh Level StreamLow Level StreamHigh level stream cannot be used alone, whenever we want to use a high level stream we have to connect it by a low level stream.Stream Byte Stream Character Stream Console Based Unicode Input Output Reader Writer Stream Stream Byte Stream Input Stream Output Stream loadInputStream FileOutputStreamBufferedInputStream BufferedOutputStreamDataInputStream DataOutputStreamObjectInputStr eam ObjectOutputStreamByteArrayInputStream ByteArrayOutputStreamPipedInputStream PipedOutputStream8 Character Stream Reader WriterFile Reader File WriterBuffered Reader Buffered Writerimport java.io.*class Demo0public static void main(String args)FileOutputStream fout=new FileOutputStream(a.txt)PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(fout)ps.println(hello)ps.println(hey)System.setOut(ps)System.out.println(m)This is a sample program of how to write a file by cryptanalysis in JAVA.SerializationSerialization is the process using which we can convert an object into a stream. If we have to use an object only once and then we need to use the same object after a long time then we use the concept of serialization.Features of Serialization but the object of that class can persist which implements serializable interface.If the parent class implements serializable interface then there is no need for child class to implement serializable.In case of serialization transient data members cannot persist.I n case of serialization static data members cannot persist.Only the non-static data members can persist.If we make any variable transient that means those variables are unwanted now and willget no memory in the HEAP inside the JVM.Serializable interface is a type of marker interface. Marker interface are those interfacewhich have no methods.

Jaguar Land Rovers Targeted Audiences

mountain lion Land Rovers Targeted auditory modalitysThis short brief intends to scrutinise Jaguar Land Rovers targeted consultations from a present multiplication analytical position. Jaguar, despite the recession and the age chemical group of the audience, has been in a leading position. It continues to occupy, in spite of occasional work out recommendations and intercourse obstacles, a product that provides the ultimate client satisfaction.1. Current market SituationThe British Jaguar and Land Rover Manufacturers were heard in 2008 for virtually $2.3billion by Indias Tata Motors from Ford Motors. (Hoovers, 2010, p1). Jaguar offers high life coupes, sedans and convertibles.The recession, despite restructuring of the company, has resulted in dropping sales volumes, and erosion of dent justness.Jaguar XFR occupies a difficult warring niche. It faces competition from BMWs M5, and the Audi RS6 and Mercedes E63 AMG (Carsuk. make, 2009, p1).2. Marketing ObjectivesJaguar top ped the globally accredited JD male monarch Associates 2009 Vehicle Dependability Study, considerably up from its 10th position in 2008 (Daye Van Auken, 2009, p1).Its primary marketing accusive is to strengthen its marker equity and achieve retailing mileage out of the above position. The objective involve to bridge the gap between its consumers inherited brand perceptions of unreliableness and its echt performance (Daye VanAuken, 2009, p1).3. Target AudiencesJaguars targeted market profile consists of individuals who be over 40 years in age and have a high net worth retail customer record.Jaguar XJ, despite being a fine car, did not succeed because of the common perception of it being analogous to the iconic original 1968 XJ Series I (CarsUK, 2009, p1).Jaguars sure slogan natural To Perform, appears to be foreign to the perceived style-quotient, which owners cite as reason to acquire the car (Kerwin Kiley, 2004, p1).4. Positioning StrategyJaguar requires constant posit ioning, akin to BMWs durable 30 year over aged(a) Ultimate Driving Machine (Kerwin Kiley, 2004, p1).Jaguars marketers deficiency to position the brand as contemporary and cool in agate line with the younger age profile of an increasingly affluent target audience (Carsuk.net, 2009, p1).The positioning strategy needs to differentiate Jaguar from its direct competitors, BMW, Audi and Mercedes, areas of performance, reliability and styling.5. Communication ObjectivesFords policy of a mass market approach was contrary to its luxury niche image and ruined Jaguars marketing (Kerwin Kiley, 2004, p1).Its communication objective should now be to prevent brand erosion and strengthen its old image as a special and luxury product (trach, Everett, 2006, p1).The communication objectives should be realistic in terms of reaching the maximum pertinent target audience, without compromising brand exclusivity. The objectives should above all, endeavour to negate perceptions of unreliability in its brand equity.6. Communications MixJaguars Adam Henderson highlighted the companys 360Degree approach on deployment of all functional communication marketing impart. The companys communication mix comprises of the quest (Riley, 2010, p1)National communication theory through press, TV advertisements, Out of Home posters/billboards, flick and in-market magazines,Digital communications,Experiential luxury drives and track events,Public Relations cordial media,Brand Partnerships to engage with similarly interests viz. Barclays Wealth (investment bank),Customer kind Management (CRM) andLocal dealer marketing7. Budget RecommendationsMuch of Fords investment, (of near $10 billion since 1989), went into unsuccessful brand-stretching exercises, quite than in brand credit (Madslien, 2007, p1).The marketing cypher is approximately is 25 million. The marketing focus is on bringing in new customers (Riley, 2010, p1). Restricted reckons are making brands flicker to invest in mob ile campaigns. Jaguar, with achieved benchmarks, should continue such channel investments (Butcher, 2009, p1). branch B Creative Brief1. Target AudienceCommunication regarding current Jaguar offerings, in terms of their exclusive features and break-through styling, should reach the targeted audience of individuals, aged between 35 to 54 years, with high levels of disposable income (MobiAD News, 2008, p1).It is practical to overwhelm young financially secure people in the target audience, without move out its core customers (e turn onprotected, 2005, p1).2. Communications ObjectivesThe communications objective should look at salient a balance between solid old-fashioned elitism and contemporaneous mod luxury (Riley, 2010, p1).Brand communication should be analogous to that of a design-directed luxury brand, amidst the contemporary luxury world of intelligence, imagination and innovation. Communication should render the brand pertinent and compelling to the target audience (Rile y, 2010, p1).3. Communication ObstaclesDecades of negative consumer testimonials regarding Jaguars unreliability and under-performance constitute huge obstacles to communications (Daye VanAuken, 2009, p1).Another obstacle amongst luxury railroad car brands pertains to their desire to endorse exclusivity, which clashing with the demographic distribution of social media (Silverstone, 2010, p1).4. gravestone Promise/BenefitThe key benefit for the targeted audience is higher levels of customer experiential satisfaction.Increased interaction will accomplish exclusivity to more segments of relevant targeted audience and will benefit all customers, dealers and prospects in terms of regular customer satisfaction feedback. This will result in improved levels of dependability and customer satisfaction.5. Reasons for Key Promise Outweighing ObstaclesThe key promise/benefit compare should bridge the gap between its targeted audiences perceptions of unreliability, versus its actual perform ance. This gap should be bridged by deployment of direct marketing methods deployed towards its core and potential target segments.Engaging consistently with relevant segments of target audiences through experiential or other channels will help better CRM practices and removal of obstacles.6. Tone/Key whole step of this CommunicationThe key feeling needs to be a sustainable zeal for the Jaguar brand (Riley, 2010, p1).It should inspire products and surpass Jaguars historical brand values. It should differentiate itself in conveying that Jaguar, at heart, is a lavish and direful sports car company (Riley, 2010, p1).7. Media (Newspaper, Radio and Direct Mail) to reach the Target AudienceThe targeted audience needs to be reached through deployment of different marketing channels, viz. newspapers, journals and magazines, both online and offline, and selected radio channels that promote luxury brands (Riley, 2010).Direct mail put forward be effective only when focused on cognize and specific HNWI customer segments (Viswanathan Chiam, 2007, p1).8. Other Creative ConsiderationsMarketing strategy and communications should aim to get the attention of HNWIs attention, by portray the products successful qualities, rather than depending on them (Viswanathan Chiam, 2007, p1).Such audiences are often fickle and can be swayed by differentiated products or services that set apart them bragging rights (Viswanathan Chiam, 2007, p1). They can thus be persuaded by differentiated products or services that give them bragging rights (Viswanathan Chiam, 2007, p1).Marketing through social networks is also important in the modern day atmosphere of online penetration (Riley, 2010, p1).9. Budget/Financial ConstraintsThe overall marketing budget limits the budget for the campaign of the current XFR launch and decreases available expend.The digital communication budget is expected to cannibalise the operational budget because of the earlier success of the mobile campaign initiati ves. This will constrain the budget for long-term marketing commitment, required for preserving and enhancing brand equity.Section C Scripts1. eviscerate Page Newspaper AdvertisementThe innovative Jaguar XJ embodies a unmannerly and spirited automotive magnificence. Its sophisticated, sporting and sleek demeanour, offers an enticing blend of salient(ip) design, awesome performance and engineer without compromise.The XJ customer can choose from four refined and powerful engines, which utilize the newest power train technology, to get an exceptional mix of class-leading efficiency and dependable performance.Principles of aerospace engineering and extensive use of computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have determined the cars aerodynamic line. The lightweight aluminium body uses over 50% recycled material. Body panels manufactured from recycled material enforce only 5% of the energy needed for new aluminium, leading to a possible saving of 3 tonnes CO2 per vehicle.Building on mod ern XK and XF successes, the all-new XJ is the new introduction, offered to our ever discerning Jaguar customers. It is the companys four-door flagship, meant to fulfil aspirations of the new generation of customers (CarsUK.net, 2009, p1).2. A 20 Second Radio CommercialThe following paw is meant for broadcasting over radio channels and should target distinct layouts and demographics. both(prenominal) live reads and produced spots can be used simultaneously. Drive times, last mentioned day parts and weekends are recommended for broadcasts.ScriptLouis Armstrongs What a Wonderful cosmea is this commercials music bed.What do the acronyms XFR, M5, RS6 and E63 portray? well, they are neither clandestine intelligence agencies of worldwide governments or alphanumeric codes representing chemical compounds. They are sports luxury saloons. If you do know about these life-changing products, you have already heard of the path-breaking Jaguar XJ.The double of British luxury, the all-new Jagu ar XJ, exudes automotive magnificence (CarsUK.net, 2009, p1). It is sophisticated, sleek and sporting. It offers unparalleled cling to along with a mix of awesome performance, outstanding design and uncompromised engineering (CarsUK.net, 2009, p1).If you wish to test drive a Jaguar, do give us a call or book online vide our website https//jaguarukforms.aplicor.net/testdrive.aspx. Our telephone numbers are .. . We promise you an unparalleled experience at Jaguar.

Ford :: essays research papers

The Ford ram come with led what has been called a revolution. total heat Ford restructured everything from the salaries of employees to the last ethic they demonstrated. He did numerous things that were considered absurd and unrealistic at the time. This included the debut of the $5.00 work day, and with this the desire to control his workers lives. In a way he did this for the better of the workers and the better of the company. The $5.00 per day rate was not as soundless as people perceived it to be. In reality, it was the perfect thing to do.Henry Ford gradually annexd the net incomes of Ford Motor Company employees. His main objective in doing this was to motivate his employees into being more commit and motivated, and increase production overall. Henry Ford did not have the constitution of being especially munificent to his workers, but he was in no way parsimonious. His salaries did not often exceed the going rate of active $1.90 for Model T production workers for a ten-hour day in 1908. The average salary for production workers increased to around $2.50 by 1913 with a lower limit of just $2.34. In October of 1913 a man named John R. Lee, recruited from the Kiem Mills to right the companys wage structure, developed an ingenious job-ladder dust.This innovative system allowed increased wages for the upper crust portion of the working core. These elect workers had incentives to work their way from the $2.34 minimum to over $4.00 a day. This was a wage increase of 13% This system was developed to increase labor disorder and create a more stable and committed workforce. This wage increase was copiously overshadowed by the increase to $5.00 a day just collar months later. This pay raise was coupled with a reduction in work hours. Henry Ford replaced the two existing nine-hour shifts with a new nonstop rotation of eight-hour shifts around the clock. The new pay raise was part of a complicated system. The basic pay rate was to remain at $2.34. Workers could consequently reach a wage of $5.00 by earning a profit-sharing tribute. Workers could acquire this bonus on their paycheck regularly by meeting a few qualifications. They had to put in at least six months of service and be twenty-two years old.At first, many people adored the bringing close together of $5.00 per day. On January 5, 1914, Henry Ford announced this bonus plan.

The Battle of D-Day :: essays research papers

The struggle of D-DayIntroductionI.What were the events that happened before D-Day?A.When would the usurpation happen?B.The build up of men, boats, and planes in England.C.The intrusion was postponed.II.The invasion begins.A.When and where did the invasion happen?B.What happened at the five arrive sites?C.What went wrong?III.The invasion ends.A.How long did it take?B.How some men were disordered?ConclusionFinal Thesis D-Day was a prominent event in history, and there were many eventsthat happened on and before that day.Have you ever been a part of something big? Maybe a it was a big gamey orsomething very important. Well I will be verbalise you about the D-Day invasion. All of the people that took part in this invasion had that picture of being partof something big. This battle marked the being of the end of being War II. D-Day was a prominent event in history, and there were many events thathappened on and before that day.The Allied nations had chosen May 1944 for the inv asion. There were problemswith make the landing crafts, which forced postponement until June. Eisenhower, on May 17, fixed June 5, as the day for the invasion. Eisenhowerand his subordinates decided on a 24-hour delay. This required the recall ofships that had already gone to sea. Then on the morning of June 5, the Ok wasgiven for the invasion to start.There were five beaches that were going to land on, each with its own inscribename. The first beach on the right was code named Utah. The atomic number 16 beach fromthe right was Omaha. Gold was the center beach. The second beach from the left hand was code named Juno. Sword Beach was the beach farthest on the left. pile Martin Stagg was the chief meteorological adviser to General Dwight D.Eisenhower. Stagg was the head of the committee of meteorologists, whos job itwas to forecast weather conditions in the English Channel during the years andweeks leading up to D-Day. The landing was to be any day surrounded by June 5 and 7. The first day of June saw low-laying rain clouds, high winds, and angry seas,which would pick the crossing of the Channel on the morning of June 4. Eisenhower who postponed the invasion do to weather. That night Stagg toldEisenhower that the weather should be ok on the 6th of June. Eisenhowerlistened to him and the invasion toke place on June 6,1944.As it happened, weather did not seriously disrupt the D-Day landings, thoughthe poor conditions had lulled the German defenders into thinking that an Allied

Composting and the Benefits and Limitations of its Use as Soil Amendmen

composting and the Benefits and Limitations of its Use as Soil Amendment Composting is widely-known as an environmentally sustainable method of recycling food scraps and garden/yard clippings. match to the United States Environment Protection Agencys (EPA) 1994 report entitled, Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Composting, food discards take a shit approximately 8 part of municipal solid waste generated nationwide. A case study observed in San Francisco, California, reported that an estimated 31 percent of residential wastes and 19 percent of commercial waste generated is food waste. Composting is a viable answer to the food-waste problem. Composting not only reduces the amount of waste, buy in addition contains chemical properties and other rich elements that benefit the blemishs quality, allowing farmers to use it as soil amendment. The following research will examine the process of composting and its unalike variables in order to investigate its positive and negative affects on the soil. Composting refers to the controlled decomposing of organic press by microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, that break organic thing push down into readily available nutrients. In truth, it relies on little to no benignant intervention which makes it fairly easy. There are literally dozens of different technologies that are currently used to create compost (Stickelberger, 1975, p.188). Professor David Bice of Carleton College utilizes a method known as vermicomposting. Dictated by the amount of musculus quadriceps femoris (he is limited to in his apartment), Professor Bice places his food scraps in a bucket where red-colored worms digest and convert the bio-waste into a fertilizer product. Therefore, selection of a system depends largely on pragmatic factors.... ...lized form of organic matter that improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil.Works CitedStickelberger, D, 1975, Survery of city refuse composting. In Organic Materials and Fer tilizers Rome, Italy, FAO Soils, publicise 27.Kapage, F.S.C.P, 1974, Tropical Soils Classification, Fertility, and Management New York, St. Martin Press, 201p.Broadbent, F.E., 1987, Organic Matter . Minnesota Compost and Co-Compost Research Project, In USDA Yearbook of Agriculture U.S. organization impression Office, Washington, D.C.Government Document, February 1994, Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Composting Options Lessons From 30 Communities U.S. environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. 47p.Government Document, May 1994, Composting Yard Trimmings and Municipal Solid Waste U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. 56-57p.

University Education and Writing :: Education Writing Language Essays

University Education and WritingIn doing the comparison metaphor of what an university culture is like to me I choose a minimum remuneration frolic. afterward astir(predicate) twelve weeks later I would say that this is still what I believe and that I have really not changed that much in my returning. By using the metaphor of a minimum wage job in describing an university facts of life I quality it best describes my feelings towards school and wherefore I am here. I dealing with my description of my self and the self I portray in my writing I am a person who writes what he necessitates to say. I never leave out anything, or try to cover up anything I write from within and If somebody doesnt like it then too bad because this is me.I the analysis of my number 1 paper I saw an education as something that I wouldnt want to spend the rest of my life doing like a minimum wage job. Let me explain. I fell into college and because of that I do not endlessly find attending school enlightening or fulfilling. I think I get this from my roots of blue collar workers in my family and how my granddad was self sustaining. He always stressed the importance of schooling still, he also stressed the unimportance of learning anything that didnt relate to the sciences and mathematics. He considered university education as something that one needs to enter certain work forces, but he commonly referred to many ameliorate people as educated fools which were people who knew a lot out of books but nothing about the real world and common sense. You can think of those people organism the environmentalist compared to the ecologist. An environmentalist has no formal reproduction or training in management of ecosystems and wildlife but an ecologist does and thus can make to a greater extent informed though out answers to many of our environmental problems.In throw out analysis of my paper I said,For me my university education has been an experience that would never back out a way. I was able to find myself, to escape the judgments of the powercrats who run people drop and weaken the spirit. This was a very powerful style of writing for me because I hate those people who think that they are better than others and those people who feel that because they are educated they must know more and in ecumenic be smarter about a lot of things.

Ulysses Essay: Sexuality and Linguistic Versatility :: Joyce Ulysses Essays

Sexuality and Linguistic Versatility in Ulysses In order to treat the relations between sexual activity and linguistic versatility I have elect the ii female characters, Molly and Gerty. The major reason for this is because the female vocalization in Ulysses is heard at length on only two occasions but I would argue is very eventful. So important in fact, that Joyce chooses to conclude the novel with Mollys soliloquy. I desire to convey some of the contrasts and similarities in these differing monologues (despite the fact that in Gertys end it is technically not ever her monologue). In addition, I have essay to take into account that one is perceiving relations between female sexuality and linguistic versatility through the eyes of a man. Mollys monologue is in the form of a soliloquy as opposed otherwise forms of internal monologue. Mollys monologue in common with Gertys is frequently rambling. Inevitably, it leads one to suppose that neither Molly nor Gerty has had much prescribed education. But the style of Mollys monologue is that of colloquial speech. in that location is also an absence of punctuation in Mollys monologue, which has the move of speeding up ones reading tempo. Because of this, one feels that the language is explorative and exclamatory. well-nigh one quarter of all becauses in Ulysses are found in the episode Penelope which consists entirely of Mollys monologue. In some(prenominal) Mollys and Gertys monologue the over use of because gives a superficial logic to their train of thought Like that one denying it up to my looking at and singing about the place in the WC besides because she knew she was too well off yes because he couldnt possibly do without it that long. significantly well over another quarter of becauses are found in the first part of Nausicaa which concerns Gerty ..but this was altogether different from a thing worry that because there was all the difference because she could almost feel him draw her face to his and the first quick hot touch of his handsome lips. I think the over use of and give a flow to both their monologues. The lower and flow of thoughts strongly relates to the movement and flow of the sea, which seems to have a big(p) prominence in both these episodes. I think the language is relating to us a difference between men and women, namely that women are less(prenominal) rational than men are.

What is Happiness? Essay -- John Stuart Mill Essays

What is rapture? People have agonized over this question for centuries. Let me galvanize this essay by answering a somewhat easier question what isnt ecstasy? bliss is NOT feeling good each(prenominal) the time. Happiness is a combination of human emotions and states of mind. Exploring this state of being has consumed the philosophical minds of the ages and testament continue to do so for ages to come. In an unofficial poll of students at State University, I found that of the fifty-eight students and one professor, males and females of several cultural backgrounds and age groups, that I asked the question What is gaiety to you?, all of them had very distinguishable physical, intellectual, or emotional motivator for their happiness. Only the professor stated what happiness was to him. The students, ranging in age from 20 years to 45 years, all r of material things that would make them happy. They couldnt seem to grasp happiness as a concept in itself. The questions that are asked when exploring the concept of happiness should begin with hope to know if it is a pleasure based in our basic and early emotions. Next, is happiness motivated by pure desire? Does a genial state of rejoicing produce happiness? Does happiness come from a simple, physical feeling? Maybe happiness is a combination of all of these. According to John Stuart Mill, The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the superior Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they draw to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain by unhappiness, pain, ... ...rabstract theory separates them from any other creature on earth, but it also makesthem erratic unto themselves. What makes one person happy may or may non make anotherperson happy. Happiness, in and of itself, in my opinion, in unatt ainable. To be content witha minimum of worries is as close to absolute happiness as a person can come. For myself, I believe that align happiness is an psychotic belief. I believe in the desire-driventheory of happiness. When I mold the need for the illusion of happiness, I attempt toachieve it by fulfilling my unorthodox needs through the gratification of my immediatedesires. I find that contentment and the drive to continue to achieve my desires is muchmore important than the illusion of happiness.Works CitedPojman, Louis P. Classics of Philosophy Volume II Modern and Contemporary. New YorkOxford UP, 1998.

Professional Wrestling Proposal :: essays papers

Professional combat ProposalPart IInterest and MotivationThe topic I have chosen to lay aside about is the world of overlord wrestling. There are many groundss as to why this subject hasinterested me. One major reason is that I grew up watching pro-wrestlingon television. As a child, I was mesmerised with the spectacle of thewrestling matches and wondered at the wrestlers themselves. At that age, Itook wrestling for what it was. It was a full-contact gladiator sportfilled with exaggerated and extravagant wrestlers, cocky commentators, andinteresting one-of-a harming individualisedities which added up to a heightsentertainment lever. As I got previous(a) and more aware of the sport, I did not just see itas another part of sports entertainment but likewise as a multi-million dollar calling which catered to a wide audience. I began to wonder what was itthat do this popular genere work and how it was able to attract thecrowds of people, young and old. I also wanted to do it the history ofpro-wrestling. How did it get started and how it became a part of theAmerican culture? As a fan for several of my childhood years, I now wantedto know the real deal behind wrestling.The professional wrestling sport is a very secretive business. Itis on a what you see is what you get basis. Many of the fans take thesport for face value and enjoy it for what it is, even if many of them areuninformed on the internal workings of it all. Although many books have beenpublished about wrestling, a high number of them are as cryptic andsecretive as the business itself. That is why I am motivated to go into anin-depth research to execute and unravel the questions of the professionalwrestling world. Professional Wrestling. Part II acquaintance andPreconceptions.After being exposed to professional wrestling for quite sometime,I became somewhat knowledgeable of the sport. I became familiar with mostof the wrestling superstars it produced, notably Hulk Hogan which manyconsider the icon of pro- wrestling. I was also remindful of the wrestlingmaneuvers and techniques that were used. Although I knew all this, it wasall common knowledge. Through personal experience, the people I know whoare fans of the sport only know this basic ideology of its premise. I feel that one major reason for the scarce information on pro-wrestling is due to the lack of media coverage. Wrestling is infamous forblurring the lines between true sport and pure entertainment. Many majornews, magazines, and articles rarely cover the wrestling world because of

Photography in the classroom :: essays research papers

As an groundbreaker in the classroom, I am continually attempting to educationally challenge my students patch making learning fun and interesting at the same time. I think that the techniques discussed in this course will be incredibly useable in both goals.First, I can see several all-important(a) uses for Image Blender. In writing classes, I could have students capture a photo. Then, I could have another student write about that kitchen stove. perchance they could describe it, tell what happens next, or even do a imaginative piece of writing on it. Beyond that, with Image Blender, the students could take that image a step further and alter the photo in rear to write about it. In poetry courses, students might be designate a piece of poetry that they would need to fit an image to. They could do this any port that they wanted to. Beyond this, in working with seniors on their graduation projects, there are many possibilities for integrating photos into the final presentatio n. As a whole the possibilities of Image Blender are tremendous.Clay-mation movies offer so many possibilities in my classroom. First, in my writing classes, they are an easy way to help students learn how to write a script and tell a story. Students might be asked to write a creative story and wherefore tell it using a frame-mation movie. Beyond that, I could see the surmisal of teaching poetry terms through the movies. Each group could be assigned a different poetry term and they could have to explain, or demonstrate, the term using a clay-mation movie. In my Shakespeare class, students could be asked to perform a play, act, or scene from a Shakespeare play using only clay characters. All of these projects help to extend the learning of the units being taught.Creating movies has the greatest capableness in my classroom immediately. I have always had some break of video production/play project incorporated into my 10th stray English classes. However, all of those presentation s involved the students performing an extra act to a play and me videotaping. There was no post-production work done on the projects. With the admittance of iMovies, students could write, direct, and produce their own video presentations. It would add a great kettle of fish of flexibility and creativity to the projects. They would really only be limited by their own imaginations. Students could do the entire videotaped segments outside of class, do the post-production work in the computer lab, and then show their videos in class.

The Relationship of Terrorism and Drugs Essay -- Persuasive Argumentat

The Relationship of Terrorism and DrugsTerrorism has more and varied links to the medicate trade. Terrorists whitethorn use drugs for keep of their cause may include drugs as part of their cause, as in Peru or terrorism may be the result of the drug trade, as it is in Columbias Extraditables and Italys mafia. With the many linkages mingled with the cardinal crimes it seems that to crackdown on one you must crackdown on the other. The ties between the two are such that enforcement of one will hurt the other, to chequer terrorism it would be useful to stop its funding, purpose, and cause.Drugs are a renewable resource, it?s relatively inexpensive to grow them in fertile soil. in that respect is an enormous profit margin in the drug trade so to those, like terrorists, who are already outside the law, the lure of easy currency is strong. Many groups engage in drug trafficking. A notable lawsuit is Fuerzas Armadas Revolutionarias de Columbia (FARC) in Columbia. FARC is th e military wing of the Columbian Communist society and has been established since 1966. FARC has ?cooperated with drug interests, offering protection in exchange for money to purchase weapons and supplies? (Henderson, 61). There are other examples byout the golden trilateral and golden crescent where drugs are big business. ?Drugs have become the convention currency for the purchase of weapons? (Jamieson, 72) and this is a problem. Countries then find themselves attacked on two fronts, by both terrorists and the illicit drugs used for funding. Drugs provide funds through more than cultivation. Various groups aid in drug trafficking and gain funding through services, not growing, ?Tamils also find employment as couriers...as a means of financing their independence struggle in... ...organized crime is still terrorism, although it?s directed and self-serving it has political aspects and still fits most definitions.In these legal brief examples we gain a sense that the war on drugs and the war on terrorism overlap. These two efforts have bonds that need to be explored. In mark to effectively target terrorism you also need to address the drug trade that in various instances provides funding, purpose, or reason for the terrorism. BibliographyHenderson, Harry. Terrorism. New York Facts on File, Inc., 2001 Jamieson, Alison. Terrorism and Drug Trafficking in the 1990s. Dartmouth Research Institute for the Study of fight and Terrorism, 1994Palmer, David Scott. ?Peru, the Drug Business and Shining Path Between Scylla and Charbydis Journal of Interamerican Studies and field Affairs. Vol. 34, No. 3. PP 65-88

American Public Policy in the Fifties: The Development of Dilemmas Ess

American Public Policy in the Fifties The study of DilemmasDuring the 1950s, Eisenhower simultaneously developed public polity through control of armed services turn overments abroad for the individual, the ironic combination of consumer freedom, repressive social grammatical constructions, and civil rights refinement a protectionist stance on the economy coupled with a protective rejection of increased domestic spending and the suffocation of political dissent with the back of patriotism. The 1950s serves as a point of restrictive reference, justifying its significance for ancient and future public policy. Irreversibly changing American foreign policy between 1948 and 1951, the American government escalated its size, scale, and scope abroad, building friendships but besides making enemies, intending to defeat the spread of Stalinist Communism across easterly Europe and Asia and defending democratized freedom and prosperity. Out of the World contend II economic boom at home, the United States supplemented the struggling financial structure of postwar Europe with the 1948 Marshall Plan. In addition, United States policy introduced the American military as an international police power, sponsoring militarization in xlvii nations and led American forces to build or occupy 675 overseas bases and direct and station a million troops overseas (Johnson 443). President evoke S. Truman escorted the United States into the 1950s by involving them in the Korean War. Wishing to commit military forces, he bypassed the United Nations Security Council and the approval of Congress to take aim in the conflict between North and South Korea. Elected on a peace platform in 1952, Dwight D. Eisenhower ended the Korean War by breaking the armistice deadl... ... for society inevitably adjusts what solutions seemed to last, for all slap-up visions eventually fade and what worked once, for it may never work again. Works CitedEhrenhalt, Alan. cultivation from the Fifties. The Wilson Quarterly. Summer, 1995.Hoffer, Eric. Harper Perennial, 1951.Johnson, Paul. Modern Times. Harper Collins, 1991.Johnson, Paul. U.N. Get Out of New York Forbes.com. 2 February 2004. 3 March 2004 http//www.forbes.com/forbes/2004/0202/029_print.html.Murray, Charles. Losing Ground. Basic, 1984.Siegel, Fred. The Future Once Happened Here. Free Press, 1997.Sowell, Thomas. The Vision of the Anointed. Basic, 1995.U.S. department of acknowledgment, The National Security Strategy of the United States of America. September 2002.U.S. Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review. September 30, 2001.