Mother and Mom

Though I admit the prenomen of this establish is a bit generic wine and you film the right to assume oh the designer must be a ca use of goods and servicess boy or other essay for the arrives solar sidereal day propaganda. In this case my reminisce of my mother in the actual body of the textual matterual matter is non filled with entirely deficient sen clock timentality or a depicted object that we should all love our mothers, it is based on two beliefs that are based absent of thousands of geezerhood of painful human evolution.My first of all conviction is that the discovery of new cognition shadow only come from the re-discovery of exist knowledge- thus anything that you knew or already knew round the importance of our mothers that happens to be in the text imparting become new to you. My sulfur conviction is that we take for granted what helps us, hurts us, and originates us. And since I brought up the word sentimentality I will bring my third conviction We dismisst al ports side at flavour from a stringently philosophical solid ground, though the philosophical basis is important for thinking, we must not jam those precious hours and experiences we share with our mothers when we were kids (that is if you had a agreeable mother- which unfortunately my mother didnt). Thinking besides much in a rigorously rigid philosophical-scientific basis causes us to be antisocial. From my experiences thinking too much in a purely sentimental way only makes us miss the approximatelytime(prenominal) and scorn the future. Where on earth is that which makes me plausible to state these convictions?Where earth-closet these convictions, be rase discover? They originate from most privileged peoples domain, only do possible by mans discovery of fire- it is a place that comes exsert when used and to the living acts as a double polarizable monism, its shape being a spiral- the kitchen. Every morning I would waken up completely focused and resolute on my tasks. I would ravage my middling light-colo ruddy solely some disorganised room for clothes to wear. I would in haste make my simple but sometimes incomplete breakfast as I think of G-d, homework deadlines, and cozen myself with my dreams and aspirations.As I am eating on the squeaky light(a) glass kitchen table, seance on a chair covered in plastic, in the periphery of my meat I would expose my mamma or I would hear the sound of her flippers clearly pattering on the granite tile in the kitchen. sometimes I am quite noisome when I am around her, in particular if I forget to pick some unmemorable part of the kitchen. When the kitchen is dirty, or a section of the kitchen is dirty, in the morning, she can be either calm ab erupt it and split us to open what we missed, but sometimes she can explode on me and my junior sister.She would yell at us as if we have d sensation some discipline of criminal act. By habit my junior sister and I would make trus ted that the kitchen is clean before we go to stern to pr raset our mom from being savage at us. But when my mom comes in the kitchen- as I feel the arithmetic mean of her approval of the kitchen- and she accepts our work in the kitchen- the lease opposite of her authoritarian spirit comes disclose and it can be the most exquisite thing I can forever experience.This is how I live every day in my home- studying and cleanup position the kitchen. The moment after I finish this essay. full guess it- I will be alter the kitchen. If I clean the kitchen every day how is it that I can forget to clean some forgettable part of the kitchen a rank more than than occasionally? Is this the nature of man? He forgets and gets punished by Mother spirit herself. I forget to clean some part of the kitchen and I get punished by my mother.To be yelled at by my mother is humbling- it arrests my large as behavior ego, and renders my philosophy and view of bearing as meaningless. No philosoph y can save me, all it does is make me live in my own world- not to the tasks and betterment of other people. This is the law of the re-education of cleaning the kitchen. Just as religious people re-educate themselves of the laws of the discussion every Saturday or Sunday- the law of the re-education of cleaning the kitchen holds true- but instead of once a week it is every day.As Mother disposition has been punishing to mankind (if you read the in nameigence agency you know what I mean) it has been equally attractive and forgiving, to enable us to experience life and deliver us to dismantle misuse its laws- intentionally or not- only to realize what we have done, and to come ass tearfully to our true pure selves. by and by being rattled by my mom, yelling at me to clean the kitchen, it is hard to fancy that she had a loving side to her- if she had a loving side at all. later cleaning that pesky, forgettable part of thekitchen- for shewness, love, and charity came.Thus is the love that encounters and embraces everything. My mommy can offend the kindest, most real, greeting I have ever known. Even though she gives us kind greetings and validating connotations almost regularly it even so has a powerful electrical shock on my spirit every time she gives positive reinforcement. When I was a youngster my mom would call me Love so she could cope with not getting aggravated with me as a baby and toddler- even as a teenager she still gives me the nicknameLove. I was the only squirt she had that screamed at sonically high frequencies, regressed back to infatuated training when my younger sister was born, precious to be tended to every waking minute, and break loose the house via garage(when I was three years old) to be found in a construction site with a red hat on top of my head. As a result my mom lost(p) her health along with her temper, but she eternally made it her mission to be as kind to me, my older and younger sister, and allow us to pursue any data track we want to take in life with show up interceding.I would compare my moms excogitation of communication and mine to a spiral. I can tell that my mom tries to give us as much positive feedback as possible and to reduce or eliminate all negative feedback. She would theatrically lecture us on the use of positive feedback. As a bod in the morning or as she is taking me to school she would be extremely kind by calling me by my nickname and telling me how happy she is to pay heed me in college- in return I would tell her how happy I am to be in college and other imperishable miscellaneous subject matter that I cant remember substantially enough to put on paper.Then when even out approaches some anxiety trickles in similar a leaky faucet. My mom, though not going Mrs. Commando on us, would incite us to make sure to clean the kitchen, but she would make sure we see very well, when we are doing homework or trying to make ourselves busy (I find that interrupti on terribly annoying). However, for my mom to tell us to clean the kitchen like a disciplinarian is absolutely necessary- because truthfully we wouldnt have done the task if she didnt remind us to do it- jumper lead us back to the law of the re-education of cleaning the kitchen.I would even find this pattern when I proclaim to my mom, dad, younger, and older sister. When I communicate to my dad for example I am very sociable with him. We would have a positive exchange by presentation or talking about our findings on music, movies, and other goofy things. But when I get busy with homework I have to tell him in haste, Sorry, I have to get to work. entirely recently did I find out that my father felt it to be slightly negative and antisocial.This made me discover that we can only be slightly one way, or extremely different, turn into our opposite, and neer find a true, absolute, and perfect difference in communication and other things in life in general. This statement seems even more apparent when I am around my family members 24/7. Nobody is perfect. We see what is opposite to ourselves and what enables our existence all the time. Kids at a young age heed their parents- we are all a production of our environment. Then we look in the mirror to see what the environment has made out of us- beautiful, different, and unique individuals.To find the perfect respite is to erase ourselves from existence- we would not be seen in the mirror- only the background environment. I unceasingly thought the struggle was to become permanently perfect forever- make your plan and you will achieve your goals. It is actually to constantly make yourself after failure throughout life- this is what my mom showed me-like a spiral. This helped me find internal peace. why cant the kitchen stay clean? We use kitchen. Kitchen gets dirty. We clean kitchen again. We use kitchen. Kitchen gets dirty. We clean kitchen again

An Introduction to the Im Profession and Ethics Paper

De La S solelye University Manila An Introduction to the IM work and Ethics Paper Presented to The Faculty of the College of ready reck nonp atomic number 18ilr Studies De La University Manila In partial t unmatched Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of cognition of Information Systems By Changcoco, Amos Dimla, Ysabel Nicole Ramchand, Pavan Tanchuling, Bianca Denise Tibayan, Jan Michael 1. 0 COMPUTER AND INTERNET CRIME 1. 1 Types of Exploits 1. 1. 1Virus It is a bitchy code that is affiliated to a commit or possible architectural plan that fag end trim lot the files of the victims info cultivateor and reformat, red proceed or modify the files.The electronic ready reckoner figurer estimator virus is exe melt offed nonwithstanding when the file that contains the virus is opened or if the schedule with the virus is executed as well. It leaves infections as it travels from one figurer to an author(a). The cattle ranch of the virus relies on the go forrs whenever drug users would use extr roleplayable media devices, download or by e-mails. An illustration of a calculator virus would be the Pikachu virus which was the archetypal nurture processing organisation virus sended to children. It was verbalise that the virus started on June 28, 2000 from Asia or the Pacific Ocean region.The virus was an email titled, Pikachu Pokemon with the message, Pikachu is your friend. The email contained the image of the animated cartoon character, Pikachu from the TV serial publication Pokemon, with the message, Between millions of race around the innovation I prove you. Dont for necessitate to bring forward this day whatsoever time MY FRIEND. The Pikachu virus septic yet a some companies in the United States with Microsoft canisterdidate email attachments or through Microsofts Internet Explorer browser.The reason wherefore oftover a few companies were harmed and wherefore the virus was non as viral is that the virus was non coded properly and would contend the user if the virus can delete the files in the user. 1. 1. 2Worm A louse is a malicious code that is use for deliverance down the calculating machine arranging. A convolute does non infect files, however, it monopolies the computing devices CPU and operating brass and is sure as shootingfooted of deleting info and weapons platforms. It infects a figurer by finding vulnerability in an action or operating governance. A rick is self-replicating and uses a meshing to replicate itself to a nonher(prenominal) computer.It does not rely on charitable interaction for pass oning to another(prenominal) computers. An poser would be the Morris Worm or in resembling manner spotn as the Great Worm. Created by a Cornell University student named Robert Tappan Morris in the socio-economic class 1968, the Morris Worm consisted of 99 melodic lines of code. Robert Morris wanted to know how big the Internet was and make the worm to find the answer. It is noted that the creator did not moderate malicious intent in fashioning this worm however, the worm infected immense amounts of stability problems that made mevery an(prenominal) systems unusable.The damage was over 6,000 infected UNIX machines which court between $10,000,000 and $100,000,000. This caseful is an estimable predicament be intellect the creator did not view as execration intentions in making the worm except did have bad effects on closely muckle in America. This dilemma would be estimable based on the psychological egoism guess because Robert Morris acted on his selfish motive whether he should or not, which made him moral. Based on the hedonism theory, it was honest of Morris because he was precisely doing his work with go forth keen that his actions would bring upon negative effects. 1. 1. 3 fifth column HorseNamed later the trojan clam sawhorse from Troy which was use to pass across the enemys territory through a disguise, the fifth column horse is draped as something else ( much(prenominal)(prenominal) as a program or file) exactly is actu every(prenominal)y a malicious code or whitethorn contain malicious code. Similar to viruses, a Trojan horse is executed when the file with the virus is opened or the program with the malicious code is executed managewise. A Trojan horse can do from light damages such as changing the desktop and the like, to threatening damage, such as deleting files, stealing data, or activating and cattle ranch other malwargon, to the victims softw be system.Trojan horses ar besides used to build a back door in the operating system so that the hackers can vex the system. However, the Trojan horse cannot duplicate itself nor it can self-replicate. It would invite the user to spread to other computers. An example of a Trojan horse would be from the pirated version of orchard apple trees suite of softwargon, iWork. iServices was the Trojan horse part of the pirated version of iWork, which would signal the hackers that the mac is infected and the hacker has access to the system.This is an honourable dilemma because the raft who buy pirated softw argon such as the iWork do not know that at that place is a Trojan horse in the softw ar. It was wrong of the sellers to hind end a Trojan horse in the softw atomic number 18 without the consent of their customers because deontology theory states that it was not the job of the vendors to hack into the systems of their customers in the first place. Another reason why it was unethical because of the theory of altruism because the interest of others was not thought about since m whatever volume forget suffer collectible to the actions of the vendors.This is other reason why it is unethical, because of the utilitarianism, which is consequences-based. Lastly, the brotherly decoct theory states that the actions of the vendors were unethical because it is a fall uponst the law of nature to hack and permeate private property. Logic miscarry is a type of Trojan horse that is triggered only by a series of specific events such as a specific sequence of keystrokes or a change in a file. 1. 1. 4Botnets A botnet is a ne twainrk of infected computers that ar reign overled by bots.Named by and by the word zombie, a bot is a type of malware that allows an assailant to take control of an affected computer. distressing can take over the controlled computer such as get downing out spam, spread viruses, ack-ack gun computer and can even cause crime and fraud, without the proprietor knowing it. Bots are alike called computer zombie because the computer has no control over its actions since hackers are in stick of its actions. 1. 1. 5Distributed Denial-Of-Service Attacks (DDoS Attacks) A Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack is when a malicious hacker controls computers through the Internet.It is an attempt in preventing the computer owner to use entangl ement resource or machine. It is composed of one or to a greater extent pot nerve-racking to disenable a certain soldiers from beingness connected to the Internet. 1. 1. 6Rootkits The name rootkit comes from the two words root, which pertains to the point it fill outs, which would be the administrator or the source or the root, and kit because of the set of programs. A rootkit is a set of programs that enables its user to gain administrator level access to a computer without the users consent or knowledge.The owner of the rootkit is capable of executing files and changing system configurations on the conduct machine, as well as accessing log files or monitoring exercise to covertly denounce on the users computer usage. It is hard to encounter if a computer system has a rootkit malware. 1. 1. 7Spam E-mail spam is when e-mail systems send unsolicited e-mail to large song of the great unwashed. Spam mostly comes off as cheap advertisements of strange mathematical products s uch as pornography, get-rich-quick schemes and the like. Spam can also be used to deliver harmful worms or other malware. . 1. 8Phishing Phishing is an attempt to steal person-to-person identity data by tricking users into come in nurture on a wangle Web site. 1. 2Types of Perpetrators 1. 2. 1Hackers and Crackers Hackers are passel who test the limits of the system, find the holes, and check which data they could access. The knowledge that they get is actually gettable in various media, usually the internet. They are not usually considered bad but due to mevery of them who used such knowledge to cause harm to systems, the enclosure became negative.A more appropriate term for these kinds of people is actually called crackers. 1. 2. 2 venomous Insiders Malicious insiders are people who take hold dependables, work, or property through deception or trickery, also known as fraud. In other words they lie to gain. 1. 2. 3 Industrial Spies Industrial spies are people who illegit imately obtain randomness from competitors for the acquire of their sponsor. The act is called industrial espionage and the opposite which is to obtain cultivation legally is called competitive intelligence.In 1993, Opel incriminate the rival Volkswagen of industrial espionage after the causations chief of production and septette executives moved to the latter society due to missing documents. (Julian, 2011) 1. 2. 4 Cybercriminals These culprits hack to the friendships system and will do anything with the information just to gain money. virtuoso of the most famous hackers of the world is Albert Gonzalez, who used hacking to steal and resell millions of card and aura numbers in a continue of three age. He did this by struggle many systems which would eventually give him the information quested to steal the card numbers. Verini, 2010) Albert Gonzalez is in ethical dilemma because he used his skills to steal the information for money. Based on the deontological theory, it s unethical because it is not the duty of hackers to steal information. Based on hedonism at a lower place the utilitarian theory, it is ethical because he embed pleasure from the act. Social direct theory, however, makes this act unethical, and so does virtue theory. 1. 2. 5 Hacktivists and Cyberterrorists Hacktivists, bodily avow the words hacking and activist, are people who hack to promote political ideology.Cyberterrorists attack to get the attention of the government as part of their political accusings. Anonymous is one of the most famous hacktivist themes due to their bearing on various media in which members come forward wearing the Guy Fawkes mask. Their advocacy is to contend the Internet guiltyiseship and surveillance, government decadency and homophobia. This is why they attacked several government sites. (Katich, 2013) The ethical dilemma the group faces is that they use hacking skills to infiltrate the systems heretofore they belong to the side of the p eople as their objective is to make the government hear their voice.This is ethical based on deontology because it is their duty to make the government find out to them their voice. This is also ethical based on the altruistic approach as more will usefulness from their act. However, social contract theory states that it is unethical since this act has violate the law. 1. 3Laws for Prosecuting Computer Attacks 1. 3. 1Electronic Commerce comport of 2000 (RA 8792) 1. 3. 1. 1E-Commerce in Society The process of buying and market placeing intimatelys electronically by consumers and from company to company through computerized business transactions.This act has the offer of sheltering those who pursue business in electronic means through quaternate communication networks through the Internet. 1. 3. 1. 2 Elements in the Law Electronic data messages these are generally the information that is in e precise transaction of the business. Electronic document these are the type of in formation specified with text, symbols, or other modes of scripted expression yet like in nature with the electronic data messages. Electronic Signature these are any distinctive marks that O.K. a transaction which are through by a person or an entity using electronic means. . 3. 1. 3Relation to other Laws much(prenominal) laws that are affected with this are the apt Property Rights, Copy indemnifys Protection. These laws give protection to the parties regard in any business activities through electronic means. artifice is also relate as the government can pullulate you when you make accept payment illegally by disguising your site as a reliable option for payment. 1. 3. 1. 4 side in E-Commerce Censorship is very an midland peckerwood to distinguish the moralities of entanglementsites and the cooperation of companies to acknowledge said moralities.In chinaware, Googles operations created a storm of reproof when the company agreed to comply with the governments wishes and criminalise pro-democracy and other websites. In 2010, Google moved its Chinese operations to Hong Kong, putting it outside mainland Chinas surety measures recap regime. Supporters of the decision word Google shouldnt cooperate with Chinas restrictive policies, while critics say Googles withdrawal cut off millions of Chinese citizens from the companys services and weakens its forepart in one of the worlds largest markets. This case has very evident ethical issues including the move of Google to relocate its operations to Hong Kong.This made the jurisdiction of Chinas censorship form _or_ system of government not reachable so that they can use their assets more freely. These however made the citizens of China that is inside the jurisdiction of the censorship insurance policy long for their beneficial anticipate engine. If seen in Googles benefits this is a rather dandy trade for them to maximize the use of their services in a commercial domain of a function such as Hong Kong yet they couldve served the citizens so they can carry through up their temperament of improving life in the world and be consistent of the famous line Dont be iniquity.I generally disagree with their decision to relocate as they couldve followed the updated utilitarianism and give their services to those who would need them the most. Still they acted the ethical egoism to censor pro democracy sites which are chastely good to their perspective. 1. 3. 1. 5Another Example Including Google Google gathers incredible amounts of data on people who use its inquisition engine. As of 2011, the companys website states that although it repositions records of your searches as a tool to improve corporate efficiency, it renders them anonymous after nine months and deletes cookies used to track visitors after two years.Governments could use Googles information to suss out individuals visiting particular websites, however, and Google lands photo assemblage also has raised conc ealing questions In 2008, a touch sued on the thousand the online photos of their home violated their privacy, but a judge threw out the caseful the future(a) year. This case is renders insight to how Google can be of every use to our society as they can sponsor the government mate fugitives, suspects and criminals with their records of the searches of the every person using their search engines yet this leaves them to violate certain privacy issues when they abuse that kind of agent.The lawsuit of the couple may be dismissed by a judge but their lawsuit are supported by ethical theories namely the rights based theories which states that there are social contracts that should be acknowledged and that includes their right for privacy. They may be legal to store records such as the photo from their Google Earth but they should have to limit their power to exercise their duty as they are also supported by the duty based theories due to their daily or continual task of improvi ng corporate efficiency as well as giving us access to numberless knowledge. 1. 3. 2 Cybercrime measure actuate of 2012 (RA 10175) 1. . 3. 1 Preliminary nutriment 1. 3. 3. 2. 1. 1 apprise History of RA 10175 Cybercrime Prevention venture of 2012 or also known as Republic Act No. 10175 was approved on family 12, 2012. This is first law in the Philippines which specifically criminalizes computer- think crimes. The Cybercrime Prevention Act in its current form is the product of House Bill No. 5808, authored by Representative Susan Tap-Sulit of the second district of Tarlac and 36 other co-authors. The final version of the Act was later signed into law by President Benigno Aquino III on September 12, 2012. 1. 3. 2. 1. 1 Declaration of PolicyThe main objective of this Act is to protect the people from cybercrimes and also from the harmful effects associated with it. The state also aims to discern the vital roles of information and communication theory industries in the country. T he state also recognizes the need to protect and strongguard the citizens of the state, and also to protect the integrity of computers and its users. The state also wants to recognize the splendour of providing an environment conducive to the training acceleration, and rational application and exploitation of information and communications technology. . 3. 3. 2. 1 General Provisions 1. 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 1 Punishable Acts In this Act, there are 10 guilty acts indicated in the bill, and those punishable acts each have penalties that are associated. In the next sentences, the punishable acts will be discussed briefly. Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data and systems A. Illegal Access accessing a computer or a part of a computer without any right B.Illegal Interception the interception made by the use of any technological device without any right of non-public contagion of datum to or from any computer system including electromagnetic em issions from a computer system carrying such data C. data Interference the intended or any reckless alteration, damaging, deletion or handicap of computer data, electronic document, or electronic data message, without any right including the transmission or transferring viruses into a system. One example is the ILOVEYOU message transmitted through electronic mail way back in the year 2000.D. System Interference the learned or any reckless obstructive or interference with a operate computer system, or a computer network by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting, deteriorating, altering, or supressing computer data or computer program without any right or bureau in doing so. E. Misuse of Devices the use of any material without any right of it. Acts like producing, manufacturing, selling, and distribution. F. Cyber-squatting the simplest way is identity theft, using some other individuals identity to gain profit or scam other people in the internet.G. Computer-related Forgery the illegal use of a computer into copy ones work, and gaining illegal access to a computer to copy the topic of a system or database. H. Computer-related Fraud the unauthorized input, alteration, or deletion of computer data or program or interference in the functioning of a computer system. I. Computer-related Identity Theft the intentional acquisition, use, transfer, or possession of any identifying information belonging to another person, whether rude(a) of juridical. downstairs these are Cybersex and Child Pornography. J.Libel defined as a public and malicious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any acts, omission, condition, status or circumstance aid to discredit or cause the set on or contempt of a natural or juridical person affiliated through a computer system or any other similar means which may be devised in the future. The above stated are the punishable acts by the law en crushd and written in the bill, and these act s have corresponding penalties if have been proven to the court. The penalties include imprisonment or a fine of at least two hundred thousand pesos (Php. 00,000. 00) up to a maximum amount adequate to the damage incurred or both. Prison mayor is equivalent to imprisonment from 6 years and one day to twelve years. 1. 3. 3 Ethical/ clean-living Dilemmas 1. 3. 4. 2 land site A 16-year old male named pull the leg of Evans was registered on the account used for blustering(a) messages to a girl named Megan Mier. Lori draw, the mother of Sarah, a former friend Mier, later admitted creating the MySpace account. She was assisted by Sarah and Ashley Grills, an 18-year-old employee of the elder Drew.The senior Drew and several others ran the fake account, with an aim to get information about Megan and use that information against her and also for her to be humiliated. This caused spreading gossips about Megan, and thus creating a traumatic live not only for her but also to her family. 1. 3. 4. 3 Analysing using the Four major(ip) Ethical Theories A. Duty-based conjecture According to the Duty-based theory, an act is considered ethical if it has good intentions. Given the line, I can clearly state that it is not an ethical thing to do. Creating or spreading false rumours is not even shutdown to be called as a good intention.Also, gathering information about a certain person is not ethical if it will be used against or be held against to a person. Using the Duty-Based Theory, I can clearly state that the situation of gathering information of Megan is not ethical because it does not serve a good intention. B. Utilitarianism According to the Utilitarianism Theory an act is only to be considered ethical if it produces desirable consequences or outcomes. The outcome of the situation stated sooner is that the experience Megan was traumatic not only for herself, but it also affected her family.Just by smacking at this outcome, we can say that it is not also consider ed ethical in this theory, because of the outcomes that the actions of the group had caused not only their target but also the kin of other people to Megan. C. Social Contract Theory According to the social contract theory an act is considered ethical if the act does not violate any rules or laws harmonise to the Civil Code of the Philippines Persons and Family Relations, low Chapter 2 which is Human Relations the Articles 19, 20 and 21 discusses the different rights a person possesses and how a person should exercise his or her rights.Chapter 2 Article 19 presents the basic principles that are to be observed for the rightful relationship between human beings and the stability of the social order. Chapter 2 Article 20 presents that you are liable for any damage that you have caused to another person, whether wilfully or negligently. Chapter 2 Article 26 presents that right must(prenominal)iness never abused, the moment that it is abused, the moment rights are abused they ceased to right. D. truth According to the Virtue theory, the action that is considered to be ethical is when the action is came from a good moral principle.Looking to the situation, it is not an ethical thing to do because it does only harm the person involved but also the moral principles of the suspect is to be questioned. 1. 3 Trustworthy cypher 1. 4. 1 Microsofts 4 Pillars of trustworthy Computing The 4 Pillars of trustworthy work out assist identify the key elements in computing especially in an face with many employees to manage. Guidance is a key to facilitate implement a good and perpetual system such as how the pillars guide on not just Microsoft employees but users alike. 1. 4. . 1 pledge Creation of a trust worthy environment for a safe computing environment 1. 4. 2. 2 silence The protection and confidentiality of design, development and testing in any organization is essential as to be part of the competitive market today. 1. 4. 2. 3 Reliability Working as expecte d or promised by the developers and their entity 1. 4. 2. 4 Business Integrity Being accountable and transparent in you duties and expectation as part of a work force that strives to be excellent a misplay is bound to happen.Admitting a mistake is the maiden step to a growing process of learning new things to come. 1. 4. 2 attempt Assessment It is the process of assessing security related take a chances to an organizations computers and networks from both internal and external (Reynolds, 2011) A risk discernment is a process to identify strength endangerments and analyse what could happen if a hazard come to passs. (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2013) The assessment would interpret the IT security team that they will be ready when an attack comes because of the determined risk assessment they perform. 1. 4. 1 General pledge Risk Assessment Process amount 1 target IT assets and prioritize ones that are of most importance Step 2 Identify the threats/risks that could occur Step 3 Assess the likelihood of threats Step 4 make up the concussion of each threat, how large to small is the rival if affected Step 5 Determine how each threat can be prevented/blocked Step 6 Which is the most effective bar method Step 7 Perform cost benefit analysis before taking any action Step 8 bring out the decision to implement or not to implement the decided risk saloon found through thorough investigate and development 1. 4. 3 Establishing a security policyDefines an organizations security emergencys, as well as controls and sanctions needed to spiel those requirements. (Reynolds, 2011) A good security policy can possibly improve and provide a smooth flow of operations within an organization. NIST (National form of Standards and Technology) is a non-regulatory national agency within the US incision of commerce. The computer security division creates security standards for organizations to implement in their own system. 1. 4. 4 Educating the Employees, Contractor and Part-Time Workers Surveys show that most security problems come from negligence and unawareness of the security policies.Teaching good security practices like not giving out your passwords, making sure you do not intercept in different surgical incisions. Knowing the disk operating system and DONTs of everyday computing will help guide any workplace and direct them to the good ways of being a good user. 1. 4. 5 Threat Prevention The key to a threat prevention system are layers of security systems that take exception the perpetrator to hack into the system. Firewall stands guard between an organizations internal network and the internet Intrusion Prevention Systems prevents an attack by blocking viruses, malformed packets and other threats from getting into a protected network.Antivirus parcel should be installed on each users personal computer to survey a computers disk drives and memory regularly for viruses. User accounts that go forward active after empl oyees leave cause an uncertain threat to the company, IT staff must promptly delete and make sure to wipe out all the privileges of the former employee. The US-CERT (United States Computer Emergency interlocking Team) and SANS(SysAdmin, Audit, Network,System) Institute regularly update a abridgment of the most frequent and high usurpation threats to a computer system specifically viruses and worms. . 4. 6 Security Audit An master(prenominal) prevention tool that evaluates whether an organization has a good security policy and if it is being followed. An example would be a requirement to change passwords every week or month with this in place a security for companies are much more protected compared to others without this requirement. Basically to test, check and review the systems security and look for loop holes and easy targets. 1. 4. 7 spying The preventive measures made for a computer system is not always affluent to protect important data.Intrusion detection system is a software/hardware that monitors system and network resources, notifies a system admin when an encroachment occurs Knowledge based onset system contains information about attacks and system vulnerabilities, therefore trigger an alarm (ex. Repeated login, restate data events) Behaviour based intrusion system compares users system behaviour with an admin created mystify that detects when a user is not undermentioned the required model, this would trigger an alarm. (Example Unusual activity with an account in the HR department accessing the IT departments data. 1. 4. 8 ResponseAn organization should be prepared for the worst, like a system attack that stops all operations and steals data from the company. The top priority during an attack is not to catch the perpetrator but to regain control and save what is left. Who needs to be assured? And who not to notify? Reputation and credibility is at stake in any security divulge. A company should document all details of a security breach and be able to review it after to assess and further study. Eradication of the modify/breached information is essential but before everything a log is required to keep track 1. . 9 Ethical Moral Dilemmas You are a member of a large IT security support group of a large manufacturing company. You have been rouse late at night and informed that someone has defaced your organizations website and also attempted to gain access to computer files containing a new product under development. What are your next steps? How much time would you spend tracking down the hacker? -Deontological 1. 5 References * (1999, 10). Electronic Commerce. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 10, 1999, from http//www. studymode. com/essays/Electronic-Commerce-731. tml * THE electronic COMMERCE ACT (R. A. 8792) AN OVERVIEW OF IT? S (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) conflict ON THE PHILIPPINE LEGAL SYSTEM(2005 006). www. ustlawreview. com/pdf/vol. L/Articles/The_Electronic_Commerce_Act_RA_8792. pdf * What Is the Difference Viruses, Worms, Trojans, and Bots? Cisco Systems. (n. d. ). Cisco Systems, Inc. Retrieved from http//www. cisco. com/web/about/security/intelligence/virus-worm-diffs. hypertext mark-up language * What Is A Rootkit? (n. d. ). Internet / Network Security Tips, Advice and Tutorials About Internet Security and Network Security.Retrieved from http//netsecurity. about. com/od/frequentlyaskedquestions/f/faq_rootkit. htm * Julian. (2011). 10 closely Notorious Acts of Corporate Espionage. Retrieved from http//www. businesspundit. com/10-most-notorious-acts-of-corporate-espionage/ * Katich, A. (2013). Anonymous (Annie Katich). Retrieved from http//socialactive. wordpress. com/2013/02/25/anonymous-annie-katich/ * Verini, J. (2010). The Great Cyberheist. Retrieved from http//www. nytimes. com/2010/11/14/ cartridge clip/14Hacker-t. html/

'Customer Fulfillment in the Digital Economy\r'

'client fulfilment in the digital frugality virago. com E-tail guest fulfillment shed light on fetchs Pi unrivaleder â€Å"The logistics of dispersal S unioncard argon the iceberg infra the waterline of online admitselling.B-web type â€Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO, Amazon. comAggregation (e-tail) / agora (auctions, Zshops) hybrid ens antiophthalmic factorle KEY PARTICIPANTS â€Å" x grades from without delay, no one put across re extremity whether Consumers and business grease ones palmsers Context providersContent providersAmazon. com and little(a) online merchants (Amazon. com associates, Zshops, auctions) Suppliers and b-web partners ( publishing firms; producers [OEM]; distributors e. g. Ingram Micro, Baker & axerophthol; Taylor playscripts, and former(a)s) nodes Amazon. com spent an unneeded $100,000 upgrading fargon from the West Coast to the eastern United States Coast. every(prenominal) that impart matter is whether electronic commerceGave spate a good or bad cons honest.2 â€David Risher, senior vice chairwoman for merchandising, Amazon. com Commerce supporters\r\n• Infrastructure providers\r\nâ€Å"This [the Amazon. com scattering wargonhouses and CFN] is the fastest expansion of dispersal competency in peacetime history. ”\r\n3 â€Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO, Amazon. com whirl\r\nAmazon. com and online merchants (Amazon. com associates, Zshops, auctions) Amazon. om and merchants participating in auctions and Zshops Third companionship shippers (UPS & adenine; USPS) Amazon. com Drop shippers much(prenominal) as Ingram Technology providers such as visionary, acquit Perceptions, and i2 Technologies Third party shippers (UPS, USPS) The declamatoryst online e-tailer of books, music, videos, toys, and gifts Recently grow service religious offering to include auctions (March 1999) and Zshops (September 1999)â€an assembling of merchants on its Web site Aspires to establish a one-stop shop for mer chandise on the Web CFN regard as proposition\r\nâ€Å" farming’s largest alternative” of merchandise at belligerent prices, a validated produce assortment, nd consistent client service from â€Å" crustal plate page to home bringing”â€24/7 universal resource locator\r\nhttp://www. amazon. com 360 Adelaide street W, 4th Floor Toronto, Ontario. Canada M5V 1R7 Tel 416. 979. 7899. facsimile machine 416. 979-7616 www. digital4sight. com © two hundred0 digital 4Sight Corp. Re harvest-timeion by all means, or revelation to parties who atomic number 18 non employees of digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. thank you for your cooperation. 1. 1 guest Fulfillment in the digital thriftiness Amazon. com few barriers to unveilingâ€but one of those barriers is node fulfilment. In 1996â€97, Amazon. com was more often than non exclusively in the e-tailing business. Now the Web is eeming with e-tailers c ar debase. com (which aggressi vely undercuts all(prenominal)one else, including Amazon. com), CDNow, and barnesandnoble. com. There are in every case Web portal-run malls, m severally of which are write and offering features ( ilk the ren holded â€Å"one-click obtain”) that study thus far differentiated Amazon. com. chawbacon’s online mall offers 7,000 stores with all everyplace quad one thousand one cardinal million circumstances and walmart. com’s planned origin appearance in 2000 poses a signifi thronet threat. Amazon. com’s low moving confederation expediency, e- stag equity, and sign embody advantages (stemming from lack of investments in prime substantive estate for storefronts) are gradually eroding.Its brinks are falling, art object operate expenses from mergers and acquisitions are increasing. As of the balance of 1999, Amazon. com expected to post around $600 million in wantes for the year, at a time when growth in book sales is falling (from around 800% in 1997 to a little over 100% in 1999). On the add-on side, client retention rates exceeded 72% in the third quarter of 1999. 8 But average tax income upgradement per node in 1998 was $98. 4, time average selling, full general and administrative (SG& adenine;A) and distribution be per client (excluding follow of goods sold) were nearly $71. 30, leading(a) to an average net earnings loss of around 21%. Amazon. com Founder Jeff Bezos wants to transubstantiate Amazon. com into the largest and close to client-friendly one-stop shop on the Web. already the largest online e-tailer of books, music, and videos, the social club has expanded its product offering to include toys, gifts, and electronics, and in September 1999 launched â€Å"Zshops,” a newly initiative (online flea trade on Amazon. com’s Web site) which offers guests â€Å"universal selection. ”4 Zshops empower small merchants and customers to set up online stores on the Amazon . com Web site for a monthly gift of $10, and a dealings fee of 1â€5% of all sale.With a market detonatoritalization of round $31. 4 billion (as of November 1999), 12 million loyal customers, 18 million items on sale, projected 1999 sales of $1. 4 billion, and the intimately recognized brand appellation on the Internet,5 Amazon. com aspires to become the supermall of choice for online shoppers. Its recipe includes induction driven by â€Å"customer obsession” and the ability to provide a secure, pleasant shopping generate online, but its controller is due to a customer runment process that delivers. A carefully orchestrate and adroitly executed â€Å"sell all, put up few” schema apologises Amazon. com’s winner ith e-tail customer fulfillment. Its business web (b-web) (for books) includes Ingram earmark Group and Baker & Taylor, the twain largest book wholesalers in the US, as well up as dozens of other(a)s. In 1998, Amazon. com o btained 60% of its books finished Ingram, which operates septet strategically regain US warehouses. Amazon. com pays Ingram a wholesale markup a few percentage points above the publisher’s price for its confuse shipping services. 6 How has Amazon. com responded to these formidable challenges? First, to add-on tax per customer, Amazon. com added product lines or capabilities practically every six weeks in 1999.In February, the party bought 46% of drugstore. com. The following month, it launched online auctions. It bought a 35% endorse in homegrocer. com in May, 54% of pets. com in June, and 49% of gear. com in July. The Zshops and All carrefour seek (a â€Å"search the Web” service) initiatives crap moved it even closer to its refinement of providing â€Å"earth’s largest selection. ” For Amazon. com, the Zshops initiative is 80â€90% grossmargin rich, since its fringy costs for providing one-click shopping and acknowledgment card collectio n on Zshops is nearly zero. In 1999, Amazon. com opened cardinal new automated distribution c engraves of its take in the US (this is in ddition to ii centers already operational in Seattle and Delaware). The tone is to improve declining margins in a cutthroat business (e. g. by sourcing books directly from publishers), diminish dependence on Ingram and other distributors, and extend and control its online fulfillment process to enhance belligerent advantage. Amazon. com now offers its customers resembling(p) to coterminous solar day shipping (in the US) on al most(prenominal) items. In the 1999 holiday season, the con provideeration move much portions†maybe in unneeded of 15 millionâ€to more good deal than all(prenominal) other e-tailer or mail- fix seller in the country. 7 Amazon. com’s leaders in customer fulfillment etworking (CFN) get out be critical to its supremacy as the landlord of the largest shopping mall on the Web. Second, its custo mer fulfillment networking (CFN) strategy is pictureed to increase gross margins by sourcing directly from publishers and other producers, rather than from wholesalers (e. g. distributors like Ingram) who provide pearl shipping for a premium. Amazon. com will in any case reduce costs per sale by cross-docking recites (books, electronics, and toys all in one set up) at the warehouse closest to the customer by means of state-of-the-art make forecasting and optimization solutions from i2 Technologies. 10 Business contextE-tailing is fast enough a crowded marketplace with © 1. 2 2000 digital 4Sight Corp. echo by any means, or disclosure to parties who are non employees of digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. convey you for your cooperation. client Fulfillment in the Digital economy Amazon. com So, what are the implications of Amazon. com’s push into more warehouses for better customer fulfillment? piece of music the investment in five superfluous wa rehouses has been immense (in excess of $200 million), it enables same or next day fulfillment in most casesâ€driving great customer satisfaction and loyalty, and naughtyer evenues and gain per customer. It also lowers direct expenses and empowers Amazon. com to respond to imploreures from bulwark Street for shekels. The strategy appears to be stipendiary offâ€5. 69 million crotchety Web exploiters (excluding its 12 million registered customers) shopped at Amazon. com in the 1999 holiday season (an 81% increase over 1998), with average spending per customer of $128 (a 30% increase over 1998). 14 However, maintaining stock in 7 warehouses also increases schedule carrying costs, which the guild will need to balance and control by means of efficient customer fulfillment intend and execution. 2000 Digital 4Sight Corp. Reproduction by any means, or disclosure to parties who are not employees of Digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. convey you for your cooperation. little compelling spicy Complex*E-BRAND AS BARRIER TO ENTRY E-CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS AMAZON. COM (Circa 2001)• Landlord of largest Web supermall• oecumenical selection, one-stop shopping, and same day customer fulfillment = competitive advantage• taxs: $2. 7 one million million (est. )• Registered customers: 19. 5 MM• Items Offered: >18 MM AMAZON. COM (1998)• Book E-tailer• Investment in brand come oning• Customer fulfillment largely outsourced to Ingram and Baker & Taylor• grosss: $610 MM• Registered Customers: 12 MM• Books Offered2. 5 MM natural depression Low This strategic fracture (figure 1) makes hotshot because Amazon. com’s e-brand will be a less compelling barrier to entry beyond 2000, compared to its customized, cooperative, and integrated online fulfillment qualification for â€Å" recites of one. ” fit in to Andrew N. Westland, Amazon. com’s vice chairm an of warehousing, transfer and engineering, it would risk losing its competitive advantage from its broaching and innovative one-to-one customer fulfillment excellence if it hired another company to handle distribution.As he points out, â€Å"we would be the t to each oneer and thus they would offer those services to our competitors. ”13 Designed and make for online say fulfillment, Amazon. com’s CFN and warehouse distribution system is among the first of its kind (another is Webvan). As such, it confers competitive first mover and learning curve advantage. ONLINE fruit ASSORTMENT Amazon. com’s business computer simulation consists of two different but completing revenue, pricing, and profit models. In the case of auctions and Zshops, comparatively small topline revenues (at least as of the end of 1999) contribute gamey gross and direct margins.In contrast, for the traditional e-tailing model, lower gross and operating margins offset high topline reve nues. 11 The company wants to utilize both models: cross-sell the high margin Zshops/auctions offering to its registered e-tailing customers (immediately enhancing both revenue and profits per customer), and cut the cost of sales and operating expenses through efficient customer fulfillment. mellowed Simple Third, its strategy of providing hassle- remedy, same or next day fulfillment on most items will enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty, driving plagiarize business, referrals, and increase market share.CUSTOMER FULFILLMENT AS CORE-COMPETENCE High * Complexity of product assortment implies both high breadth and depth of product lines offered. mental image 1. Amazon. com’s strategic shift: from book e-tailer to landlord of Web super mall. 12 Value proposition Amazon. com’s value proposition is â€Å"earth’s largest selectionâ€24/7, at a competitive price. ” The world’s most â€Å"customer-centric company” gives its customers what they want (universal selection), how they want it (in one amalgamated package), and when they want it (same or next-day by the year 2000), by orchestrating an enjoyable purchase experience at the front end and einforcing it with seamless fulfillment at the back end. Bezos, who describes his squad members as â€Å"customer obsessed… genic pioneers,”15 give notice take credit for numerous innovations, including customer recognition and one-click shopping, free book reviews, recommendations (suggestive selling), Purchase Circles ( scoop vender slant by region, country, company, and industry), All proceeds hunt (shop the Web), free e-greetings, Auctions, Zshops, and seamless customer fulfillment. from each one of these has been a first on the Web, and competitors clear copied most of them. Recent innovations include a system that lets shoppers ut together a big enounce and then broadcast each item, tagged with an individual message, to a different individual and address (September 1999); a â€Å"wish list”â€much like a wedding registryâ€that lets people tell the world what gifts they want to intoxicate; and an â€Å"Amazon. com anywhere” initiative with panache (announced declination 8, 1999) that facilitates wireless shopping through Sprint PCS Internet-enabled smart cellular phones. 16 1. 3 Customer Fulfillment in the Digital economy Amazon. com 1 Customer places array; credit card processed for compensation 4 E-Customer All items picked, packed and assembled at nearest warehouse & shipped ia UPS or US Postal Service 5 Order delivered from the nearest warehouse via UPS/USPS AMAZON. COM warehouse WWW Electronics OEM Amazon. com’s servers in Seattle contend forecasting visibility and optimization through i2’s tack on strand OptimizationSoftware 2 Customer order parsed out to curb suppliers (if not stocked in Amazon. com warehouse). Books sourced from Ingram or other book publisher medical sp ecialty company LEGEND list randomness 3 Producers dispatch goods to Amazon. com warehouse. omen 2. Amazon. com’s customer fulfillment network (CFN)â€circa 2000. CFN strategy Amazon. com is a CFN pioneer. Its innovative CFN trategy enables true impulsive commerce that provides a customized experience to not only fulfill, but also nominate demandâ€profitably, and in real-time. This is a innocuous round of golf realized through consolidation of the customer relationship steering applications with the order fulfillment applications and its b-web, as well as intelligent and combat-ready demand- affix synchronization. It is rendered possible by the following CFN value drivers: • • • • Business processes and applications Sourcing quadruple line items from disparate suppliers and assembling them to a customer’s order and specifications for same/next day fulfillment involves ramatically great logistics and supply compass complexity th an delivering gigantic pallets from warehouses to shelf spaces (brick-and-mortar retail). Dynamic and intelligent personalization that manipulates dynamic content insertion and cross-selling (enhancing revenues and profits per customer) while matching the customer’s demands with Amazon. com’s fulfillment abilities Virtual integrating cross personal manners the b-web (from customer to supplier and warehouses) that ensures synchronicity across business processes, delivering intelligent and bankable order fulfillment Dynamic demand and supply planning and ptimization to minimize parentage carrying and passage costs and reduce one shot measure, leash factorsâ€selling an expanded selection of products online (Amazon. com offers 18 million items), the need to move a large volume of small parcels, and locomote customer expectationsâ€combine to put new pressures on order fulfillment systems. According to Toby railroad tie, CEO of e-Toys, â€Å"Inventory ma nagement is the great ecommerce business process that no one seems to know much just about. It is the true barrier to entry. ”17 Amazon. com, which has depended largely on a drop shipping and just-in-time arrangement for books with © 1. 4 aximizing profit and service levels supreme visibility and responsiveness to supply and demand variability and anomalies through dynamic expulsion notification (e. g. an electronic alert taper if something goes wrong) 2000 Digital 4Sight Corp. Reproduction by any means, or disclosure to parties who are not employees of Digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. Thank you for your cooperation. Customer Fulfillment in the Digital providence Amazon. com Order Management System (OMS) reference point card entropy verification, e-ordering (if needed), reconcilliation of shipping and customer charges Inventory Management System (IMS)Which items and categories to stock, where and in what quantities? What is available and what needs to be request? I2’s Demand Optimizer Inventory overthrow info by product, category, country, region, state, industry, etc. I2’s Available to Promise (adenosine triphosphate) Can we fulfill these orders profitably? Oracle database of products and consumer pens All harvest Search What are customers looking for? Customer Orders What are they purchase? Warehouse & Transportation Management System (WMS & TMS) Pick, pack and ship orders most efficiently & profitably Purchase Circles (Best seller listing by country, region, industry or company)WWW E-Customer untried Customer Profile Who are the e-customers (demographics, etc. )? What are their preferences? Suggested Selling (Cross-sell and exculpate Perceptions up-sell profitable, Collaborative Filtering: in-stock items that What items and categories of customers want) products are customers likely to buy based on affinity? a nagement (CRM) Decision Support, S upply Chain provision & Execution Custo mer family relationship M Figure 3. Amazon. com’s entourage of CFN applications. 20 Ingram and Baker & Taylor, has now primarily moved to a from-stock hybrid model (that also includes the other options) with its seven US warehouses. In ddition to enlarging its Seattle and Delaware warehouses in 1999, the company has invested over $200 million to adopt five distribution and warehousing facilities in Fernley, Nevada; Coffeyville, Kansas; Campbellsville and Louisville, Kentucky; and McDonough, Georgia. of Digital Equipment Alpha Servers and Netscape Commerce Servers strengthened around an Oracle database server and Oracle Financials Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. 21 According to Jeff Bezos, 80% of the company’s investment in computer software teaching since its founding in 1994 has not bypast into its famously user-friendly screens, but to back-office logistics. 2 In 1998, two-thirds of Amazon. com’s 2,100 employees worked on customer fulfill ment. 22 These seven warehouses, comprising 3. 5 million square feet of total space, will ensure fulfillment in 24â€48 hours in most cases in the US. 18 The CFN comprising Amazon. com’s warehouses, b-web of suppliers and drop shippers, and end-to-end desegregation is specifically designed for online retailing from the footing up (i. e. , shipping merchandise item by item to individual customers). 19 It is one of only a smattering of such networks. Amazon. com developed most of its own front end e-commerce applications, including page design and rder management systems (OMS). The acquisition and incorporation of Junglee, a highly sophisticated XML-based shopping bot, forms the groundwork of Amazon. com’s New Product Search application. It sourced its highly acclaimed suggested selling collaborative filtering software from Net Perceptions and recently acquired a tally Chain Planning and Optimization package from i2 Technologies. 24 All other softwareâ€includin g middleware and the much-praised and patented one-click shopping applicationâ€is customized for Amazon. com or proprietary, and zealously guarded for competitive advantage. Amazon. com’s CFN, including its network of istribution centers, is illustrated in figure 2; figure 3 shows CFN applications deployed. Amazon. com’s initial hardware and software consisted © 2000 Digital 4Sight Corp. Reproduction by any means, or disclosure to parties who are not employees of Digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. Thank you for your cooperation. 1. 5 Customer Fulfillment in the Digital Economy Amazon. com Amazon. com is in the process of integrating its b-web (suppliers, distributors, and customers) with its supply chain planning (SCP) and ERP, as well as management systems for orders (OMS), document (IMS), warehouse WMS), and transportation (TMS) (figures 2 and 3). This strategy will lead to intelligent demand forecasting, optimization, and profitable distributi on execution. The customer relationship management (CRM) entourage at the front end, which consists of one-to-one personalization and collaborative filtering from Net Perceptions and Amazon. com’s own order management system (OMS), works in sync with i2’s Supply Chain Planning, Optimization (SCPO) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) at the back end. These form a staring(a) cycle that reachs profitable demand while delivering a customized buy experience in real-time, as well as ntelligent, profitable fulfillment that ensures customer satisfaction and referrals. Figure 3 presents a hypothesis of how the applications work to deliver intelligent end-to-end order fulfillment: • • • • • This is a true â€Å" horse sense and respond” CFN based on Amazon. com’s move towards a â€Å"real-time blood solution” (if the customer can order it, it is available, and can be shipped) to drive customer loyalty, revenues, referrals, an d profitability. Data is gathered initially from the customer to form a customer compose in the Oracle database. Information on items customers are looking for, and ctually buy, is gathered through the All Product Search office and customer orders, respectively. Data from All Product Search drives the categories and product lines that Amazon. com keeps adding to its colossal assortment. The get data is queried to yield inventory long horse volume (for every item) by zip code, state, country, business, company, and industry. The inventory overturn data is used to tell Amazon. com’s inventory on an A, B, C foot (e. g. ‘A’ items could be best sellers, ‘B’ items have medium turnover, and ‘C’ items are one-off orders). The inventory turnover data (XML tagged by zip ode) is fed back to the customer by way of Purchase Circles (best-seller listing) to seduce the customer into buying the item. As well, data from the customer profile and p revious buying patterns are mine (using collaborative filtering from Net Perceptions) to predict affinities surrounded by customers and products. This enables real-time suggestive selling recommendations (the dear suggestions to the recompense buyer at the right timeâ€right now) relevant to each customer’s buying objectives. These recommendations vary browsers into buyers, increase revenue and profits per customer, and jar repeat buying. 25 2’s demand planner uses the inventory turnover and buying data to dynamically harbinger customer needs by spotlessly predicting customer demand on an on-going basis. By integrating these with i2’s available-to-promise (ATP) inventory management and distribution systems, Amazon. com ensures that B-web organization Amazon. com’s b-web is an Aggregation (e-tail) and Agora (auctions and Zshops) hybrid model powered by its CFN. Win-win b-web relationships and electronic integration with suppliers, distributors, p ublishers, producers, and software and hardware providers account for Amazon. com’s winning experience and fulfillment.These partners contribute significantly to, and derive benefits from, its success. In addition to large and assured revenue streams, learning from this e-tailing and CFN pioneer assures competitive advantage in the high velocity arena of e-commerce. In book e-tailing, for instance, Amazon. com ties Ingram’s inventory data to its customer interface. This gives Amazon. com available-to-promise (ATP) capabilities that lets customers know when they can expect to adopt their merchandise. As soon as an order comes in, Amazon. com sends it to Ingram electronically (if it doesn’t carry the staged item); Ingram then ships the rder, usually the same or next day, to Amazon. com’s customer fulfillment center for cross-docking and shipping via UPS/USPS. Key lessons intravenous feeding factors explain Amazon. com’s in success e-tailing: â₠¬Â¢ © 1. 6 it maintains an optimum inventory of its most ordered books, CDs, videos, toys, and electronics in its warehouses for in-stock fulfillment. Continuous rapprochement of order and inventory data via the ATP function enables Amazon. com to commit to lead times on its Web site that it can profitably fulfill. Distributors like Ingram will drop ship one-off items (‘C’), or Amazon. com will order them (through theOMS) on a just-in-time basis from other suppliers for cross docking at its warehouse closest to the customer (figure 2). intelligent distribution, warehousing (WMS), and transportation (TMS) optimization ensures that Amazon. com picks, packs, and transports orders for delivery, via US Postal Service (60% of orders) or UPS (40% of orders), â€Å"from buy button to customer doorstep” 24â€48 hours for in-stock items, and within seven long time for others, in the US. 26 First, it translated its customer-centric understanding of market need into a n easy-to-use, intuitive buying experience that pleases customers and drives evenues and referrals 2000 Digital 4Sight Corp. Reproduction by any means, or disclosure to parties who are not employees of Digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. Thank you for your cooperation. Customer Fulfillment in the Digital Economy Amazon. com • Second, Amazon. com invested tens of millions of dollars in building the most precious brand on the Web Third, Amazon. com built loyalty and barriers to entry by investment funds in innovative technology solutions such as suggested selling from Net Perceptions, Supply Chain Optimization (i2), Purchase Circles, and All Product Search, and integrating them into a irtuous cycle for dynamic commerce Fourth, and arguably most important, Amazon. com’s commitment to fulfillment has translated into slurred and effective b-web relationships with distributors and suppliers like Ingram and a core competence in one-to-one inventory management and distribution • • Thanks to these four factors, Amazon. com forecasts a customer base of 22. 3 million and revenues of $3. 15 billion by 2002. The company’s strategic investments in its warehouses, technology, and b-web integration (CFN) to enable reliable and accurate same or next day customer fulfillment are a key part of its first mover dvantage and a significant barrier to entry. Amazon. com can strategically leverage this â€Å"killer app” CFN in a number of ways:26 • • • First, Amazon. com can offer excess subject in its warehouses to Zshops’ merchants on a â€Å"fee for fulfillment” basis. This would accrue considerable borderline revenues for a significantly lower marginal cost incurred. Second, by installing Web-enabled buying kiosks (as well as interactive television receiver sets and wireless Webenabled devices like PDAs) at high traffic areas in malls, office buildings, and other locations, it can move its W eb buying experience to the real world for ess Web-savvy customers. Third, and perhaps most radical and innovative, Amazon. com can build free customer buying portals for each of its registered, loyal customers. For an incremental cost, Amazon. com can create customized buying pages (similar to Dell’s phase modulation Pages for its business-to-business customers) that will allow customers to go online and enter their buying requirements as needed. Amazon. com can then deliver the items it carries, and turn over rest orders to its Amazon. com associates, Zshops, or other b-web affiliates for fulfillment. â€Arindam (Andy) De © 2000 Digital 4Sight Corp.Reproduction by any means, or disclosure to parties who are not employees of Digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. Thank you for your cooperation. 1. 7 Customer Fulfillment in the Digital Economy Amazon. com Amazon. com: Key mathematical process Indicators (see Table 1 and figures 4a to 4f) Table 1. semblanc e of 1998 performance: Amazon. com, Barnes & Noble, and Borders. 28 • • • 117. 8 million US adults, or 60% of the adult population, recognize the Amazon. com brand lean, fashioning it the most recognized brand name on the Web, followed by Priceline and e-Bay. 29 Amazon. com, with a low customer acquisition cost of around $2930 compared with $109 for a new e-tailer) and a customer retention rate of over 72%31 enjoys huge competitive advantage in terms of repeat revenue streams and significant growth in its customer base. Analysts estimate that Amazon. com’s customer base will be about 22. 3 million users by 2002 (figure 4a). 32 With an average revenue per user of $141. 25 (figure 4b), this would translate into $3. 15 billion in revenues. Gross margins over the same terminus would increase from 22% in 1999 to about 25% in 2002. • © 1. 8 Amazon. com, with $610 million in sales in 1998 and revenue growth of 230% (June 1998â€June 1999), had ero old age of receivables, 23 days of inventory, 87 days of payables (figure 4c) and a authoritative â€Å"gap in finance cycle”(figure 4d) of 64 days. 33 This implies that Amazon. com, unlike its competitors, is really financing working capital with cash flow from suppliers. Amazon. com’s revenue per employee (1998) was $290,476 (figure 4e) and revenue per dollar of fixed assets (figure 4f) was $20. 47 (appreciably high than the competition). Figures 4e and 4f show an interesting correlation among Amazon. com’s market capitalization of $31. 40 billion and its revenue per employee and revenue per dollar of fixed ssets, against the competition. This may help explain the significant upward disparity in market capitalization enjoyed by the company vis-a-vis its clicks-and-mortar competitors. 2000 Digital 4Sight Corp. Reproduction by any means, or disclosure to parties who are not employees of Digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. Thank you for your c ooperation. Customer Fulfillment in the Digital Economy Amazon. com receiptsS ($ MILLIONS) 19,500 22,300 $3, one hundred fifty 20 $2,700 2500 16,500 2000 13,300 15 $2,100 1500 10 $1,403 1000 6,200 Total revenue per user Annual net income per user $127. 27 Gross margins $138. 6 25% 25 $105. 49 90 $98. 39 22% 22% 21% 21% 20 60 15 30 10 0 ($8. 08) 5 500 30 $141. 25 120 $ PER USER 3000 $150 NUMBER OF REGISTERED USERS (MILLIONS) tax incomes ($millions) Number of registered users (millions) GROSS MARGINS (%) 25 $3500 $610 -30 ($19. 57) ($20. 09) 5 ($36. 73) ($45. 37) 0 1998 1999 2000E 2001E -60 2002E Figure 4a. Amazon. com: grosss & number of registered users (1998â€2000). 34 0 1998 1999 2000E 2001E 2002E Figure 4b. Amazon. com: Revenues & net income per user, registered users and gross margins (1998â€2002). 35 80 64 INVENTORY employee turnover OR CASH-TO-CASH CYCLE 60 Inventory turnover (1998) commotion” in finance cycle (1998) Revenue growth (1998-99) cd% 40 20 16. 14 0 -20 300 2. 4 AMAZON. COM 1. 83 B&N BORDERS 230. 1% 200 -40 -60 -80 100 (80) 6. 3% -100 Figure 4c. Book retail: Age of receivables, payables, and inventory (1998). 36 © 2000 Digital 4Sight Corp. Reproduction by any means, or disclosure to parties who are not employees of Digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. Thank you for your cooperation. REVENUE GROWTH (%) 0 (90) 14. 5% 0 Figure 4d. Book retail: Revenue growth (June 1998â€1999) vs. inventory turnover & gap in finance cycle (1998). 37 1. 9 Customer Fulfillment in the Digital EconomyAmazon. com $350,000 300,000 $35 Revenue per employee (1998) Market capitalization ($ billions) $30 Revenue per $ of fixed assets (1998) $35 Market capitalization ($ billions) $31. 41 25 $30 $31. 41 $30 $20 200,000 $15 150,000 100,000 $103,641 $10 $95,404 50,000 0 $20 15 $15 10 $10 $5. 89 $1. 21 $0 $25 $20. 47 5 $5 $1. 64 20 $1. 64 0 $5. 26 marketplace capitalisation ($ BILLIONS) $25 REVENUE PER $ OF FIXED ASSETS ($) 2 50,000 MARKET CAPITALIZATION ($ BILLIONS) REVENUE PER EMPLOYEE $290,476 $5 $1. 21 $0 AMAZON. COM B&N BORDERS Figure 4e. Book retail: Revenue per employee (1998) and market cap (November 1999). 38Figure 4f. Book retail: Revenue per $ of fixed assets (1998) and market cap (November 1999). 39 1. Anthony Bianco, â€Å"Virtual Bookstores Start to maturate Real,” Business Week, 27 October 1998. 2. capital of Minnesota Hansell, â€Å"Amazon’s Risky Christmas,” The New York Times, 28 November 1999. 3. ibidem 4. Jeff Bezos quoted by Stefani Eads, â€Å"Is Amazon obtain for Profits in its Zshops? ” Business Week, 12 October 1999. 5. According to Opinion Research Corp. , 117. 8 million Americans, or 60% of the US adult population, recognizes the Amazon brand name, devising it the most valuable brand name on the Web. 6. Anthony Bianco, op. cit. 7.Saul Hansell, op. cit. 8. As quoted in SS Investor candour Research sketch on Amazon, declination 1999. 9. epi tome and estimates by Lauren Cook Levitan, analyst, Banc capital of Massachusetts Robertson Stevens, August 1999. 10. Jeanne Lee. â€Å"i2 Learns What Not to Say When talk to Analysts,” Fortune, 29 March 1999. 11. Jeff Bezos, quoted in an interrogate with Robert D. Hof, Business Week, 31 May 1999. 12. strategy map based on Digital 4Sight analysis of Amazon’s etailing strategy. 13. Saul Hansell, op. cit. 14. Media Metrix numbers quoted in â€Å"Amazon, e-Bay Get closely Holiday Visitors,” Los Angeles Times (Home Edition), 4 January 2000. 5. Jeff Bezos quoted by Chip Bayersin â€Å"The Inner Bezos,” Wired, (March 1999). 16. Amazon press release from its Web site, URL http://www. hoovers. com/cgi-bin/offsite? universal resource locator= http://www. amazon. com/exec/obidos/subst/misc/investorrelations/investor-faq. html/002-5319771-2477605. 17. John Evan Frook, â€Å"Missing Link Emerges: Inventory Management,” Internetweek, 9 March 1998. 18. bobsl ed Tedeschi, â€Å"Many Internet Companies Have rivet on Attracting Customers. The Bigger challenge Is Fulfilling Orders,” The New York Times, 27 September 1999. 19. Katrina Booker, â€Å"Amazon vs. Everybody,” Fortune, 8 November 1999: 120. 20.Digital 4Sight hypothesis based on secondary coil research. 21. Customer case study on Oracle’s Web site, URL: http://www. oracle. com/customers/ss/amazon_ss. html. 22. Anthony Bianco. op. cit. 23. Mary Beth Grover, â€Å"Lost in Cyberspace,” Forbes, 8 March 1999. 24. Jeanne Lee, op. cit. 25. Product data from Net Perceptions Web site. URL:http://www. netperceptions. com/product/home/0,,1091, 00. html. 26. Michael Krantz, â€Å"Cruising Inside Amazon,” Time, (December 1999). 27. Digital 4Sight analysis of Amazon. com’s e-tailing strategy. 28. Digital 4Sight Financial symmetry Analysis based on P&L and balance sheet data sourced from www. oovers. com. © 1. 10 2000 Digital 4Sight Corp. Reprodu ction by any means, or disclosure to parties who are not employees of Digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. Thank you for your cooperation. Customer Fulfillment in the Digital Economy Amazon. com 29. Opinion Research Corp. stick to quoted in â€Å"Equity Research Report on Amazon,” SS Investor, December 1999. 30. McKinsey & association Data quoted in â€Å"Online Customer encyclopaedism Costs” Business 2. 0, (November 1999): 16-17. 31. As quoted in â€Å"Equity Research Report on Amazon. com,”SS Investor, December 1999. 32.Analysis and estimates by Lauren Cook Levitan, op. cit. 33. Gap in Finance Cycle = old age of Payables †(Days of Receivables + Days in Inventory). 34. Analysis and estimates by Lauren Cook Levitan, op. cit. 35. Digital 4Sight Financial Ratio Analysis, op. cit. 36. Ibid. 37. Ibid. 38. Ibid. 39. Ibid. 360 Adelaide Street W, 4th Floor Toronto, Ontario. Canada M5V 1R7 Tel 416. 979. 7899. Fax 416. 979-7616 www. digital4sigh t. com © 2000 Digital 4Sight Corp. Reproduction by any means, or disclosure to parties who are not employees of Digital 4Sight member organizations is prohibited. Thank you for your cooperation. 1. 11\r\n'

'Bullying Essay/Story\r'

' level: This is an sharpen based on a admittedly story. This was used in a olo provinical interrogatory in the past to help launch for my English 10 provincials this past summer. name were changed for identification reasons. Bullying is one of the roughly common issues in to daytime durations society. Bullying occurs in inform, work, or our testify neighbourhood. Bullying comparablewise occurs online. Bullying is one of the hardest things to get over, and this is my story. ~ demonstration ~ During the socio-economic crystallizes I was bullied in domesticate, I had a time overreaching up for myself and did non feel completely more or less myself.I throw away been c eithered names, been target for pranks, and I flip it glowering was physically and sexually harassed by my peers and classmate. The only two people I domiciliate trust is my best booster amplifier since 8th tier up Rue and my nan (who is my guardian). When well-nighthing happen to me during th e school day, I cru poore to be silent or so it and approximate non to let it bformer(a) me. My commission of getting away from bullying is auditory sense to music on my iPod. ~Chapter 1~ sexual conquest 8 was the most emotional, stressful year I had in all of my school years. This is because this one girl named clove, was ruining my life.She would pick disclose anyone I was furnishing to get to survive that I had some sort of diseases and advice them to impediment away from me and forces them to be helps with her. She took one of my favourable fri residual from dance in the past. She make everyone of my friends to go against me, except for Rue. She stayed with me until the end. Her and I be still great friends today. We may non go to the same gritty school now, but we try to see each(prenominal) other whenever we can. ~Chapter 2~ snag, however, got meaner everyday. One time, her and her friend flicker insufficiencyed to emit to me later our class made cook ies in photographic plate Ec near he end of the day. We were allow to take the cookies slackening home to our family and regularise them in a bag. Both Glimmer and garlic clove had one paper bag. I said yes then they took me outside at a lower place the huge Oak trees behind the school. rive asked Glimmer to leave her and I some privacy. Glimmer left us by and bywards that. garlic clove asked me if I saw Cloves boyfriend-at-the-time Peeta a couple days ago and kissed him. I already knew that answer to her question because I was doing my homework on that night. So I said no. Clove was presume that I was lying to her and stared each other for a few minutes.What I didnt retire is that Glimmer was sneaky creeping up to me and dumped an entire flag on me. Clove and Glimmer ran away laughing, leaving me surprise and completely covered in flour. I ran to the classroom (and it was withal raining that day too) angry and furious. When I walking into my homeroom classroom, everyon e was blow out of the water and asked what happen. I told my teacher Ms. Kennedy what happened to me and made Clove and Glimmer stay in the self-confidence and sent me to the promontory cancelledice. ~Chapter 3~ Our principal Mr. Burwell, couldnt believe what he has seen when I walk into his office that day.When I sat on the extra chairs in his office, little traces of flour from the devolve of my wellspring fell mess to the chair as if the flour was snowflakes fall down from the sky. He asked me what happen to me and I told him the story. He was completely stunned. Ms Kennedy walked into Mr. Burwell a few seconds later after I told him what happen. Ms. Kennedy asked me who was picking me up and I sad my grandad is picking me up. My grandpas 2009 Hyundai navy Elentra was sitting in drop off zone, delay for me to come out. Ms. Kennedy then ran outside and the gushing rain and told my grandpa to come inside(a) to the office.He was confused and wondered why he needs to c ome inside, thats when he saw me in the principal office, covered in flour. My grandpa was shocked and ask what happen. My head started to get at me and scratched my head as hard as I can until my scalp started to beat and bleed from the flour. The white small snowflakes from head continue to fall into the chair. Mr. Burwell asked Ms. Kennedy to take me to the impedimenta washroom (which was located by nearby his office) to try to take some flour off of my face opus he explains my grandpa why I was covered in flour. When Ms.Kennedy was trying help me to take some of the flour off my face, it irritated my skin. I secure want to rip off my skin and let myself bleed to death. ~Chapter 4:~ When my grandpa and I came home from the principals office, I ran upstairs to my living room and demote into tears. I didnt understand why Clove was doing this to me. I mean, why me? When the last calendar month of school came along, it was the worst month of my life. This is all started when Cl ove clear-cut to throw a birthday political fragmenty for Rue. One of the victuals that was â€Å"suppose” to be provided at the party was a look-a-like oatmeal cookies, but they didnt taste perception like oatmeal at all.Clove, Glimmer, Cato, and marvel (or I call Cloves friends the â€Å"Career Tributes”) strained me eat this cookie that was filled with unfounded insect, dust, dirt, broken eggs shells, you name it. I felt sick for 2 weeks after that incident. ~Chapter 5~ I went to Rues part a couple days after the cookies incident. I bought a nice, place new railroad siding for Rues party. A blue tank top with lace on the top and on the bottom on the shirt, a biased grey skirt from American Eagle, a light black jacket to go on top of my shirt, and my black Franco Santo wedges I got from my grandma for Easter when she went to Seattle a week before Easter.The party began at an Italian ride outaurant. I had a terrible time at the restaurant because Cato â⠂¬Å"accidentally” sever pasta sauce from the meal he ordered onto my brand new top. I knew pasta sauce was hard to abolish on clothes. We later went to Cloves class, which it is not removed from the restaurant. Clove told everyone that will be a water fight in an assailable field across the street from Cloves house and told everyone to get change into their swimsuit. I, however, did not populate there was going to be a water fight, but I rally Rue told me that the party is going to do something with water.During the water balloon fight, I had a hard time throwing the balloons at everyone because the coat of the balloon was so big over my small child-like hands. The Career Tributes, including Clove, enjoyed this fight. Why? Because I was their. Of course, they had to use me as their target. After the fight, I was extremely cold and wet horizon that I was going to get a nasty cold the next day. ~Chapter 6~ We then anticipate Drag Me To Hell, a horror movie. Rue hates h orror movie. I gave Rue her birthday bring out while the movie was on. I got her a journal, and a book call Three Cups Of Tea.I also made her a homemade card, utilise my grandmothers extra card stock and stamps she dispassionate over the years. Rue loved her present and the card. Meanwhile, while everyone else was watching the movie. There was a killing scene on the TV. Everyone jump, including Cato, who split an entire glass of lemonade on my brand new skirt. I was so belt up of slapping him on the face. He spilt the lemonade juice on me on purpose. ~Chapter 7~ After I got home from the party was over, I went home with my Dad, and my sister Prim, angry and upset. I have to take action, but how?School was finale in 2 weeks, so whats the locate? Nearly two 2 weeks later, just a day before coursee 8 grad, Clove and I got into a fight. She was violent and horrifying, like if she was going raise into a nasty beast. She punched me, scratched me and called me names. All I did was telling her what I thought about her. Telling her that she stole Peeta from me, I well-tried to fight back. , but I didnt want to because I know that fighting is not a way to solve the problem. Her travel tributes were right behind her to defend her. The rest of my class twosome went along what Clove told them.Too scared to stick up for themselves. They were afraid of Clove and they did not want to go against her. They just watch me suffer. Rue was trying to break up the fight between me and Clove. The scratch on my left arm, nearby my elbow, turned into a scab. The scab drove me crazy and I couldnt stop scratching it. I decided to turn the scab into a scar. To show people how violent Clove was rightfully was. ~Chapter 8~ Finally, at last, Grad day came along. Unfortunately, though, I had to miss grad dress a couple mos before grad because of Clove.I had to sit in the office for the hour while the my grade 8 class was practicing for the ceremony. I hate the fact that I missed s omething that was once in a lifetime, but Mr. Burwell was only doing this to protect me. The rest of the day, everyone (except for the Career tributes and Clove) signed my year book. The curse was finally over. No more fear. No more hiding. No feeling like I want to take my own life and cutting myself. I can move from this nightmare and go to high school in peace. The best part of going to high school, is that I wouldnt have to worry about Clove anymore. epilogue~ In the end, the story is on my melodic theme everyday lie it was grade 8 all over again. One of the thongs I learn is to speak to others. When I talk to someone about things, it makes me feel better. When I left middle school, Clove and her tributes mates left me a lot of damage, physically, mentally, and emotional. When I see my self in the mirror, I dont feel beautiful and sees myself as an unlovely person and wishes to have plastic surgery. When I do my hair and make-up, the comments of what Clove and her take in sa id to me would bother me.When I go clothes shopping, I would hate it because Im not skinny and fit like Clove and Glimmer. to be honest, its hard to get over it. It will haunt me for years to come. ~Note~ If you notice on the names of the characters (expect for Mr. Burwell and Ms. Kennedy), you may recognize their names because they are from the yearning Games by Suzanne Collions I look up to Katiness Everdeen (the main character in the novel) as a role model because she fought what she believed in and got through the worst through out the novel. I also got introduced the Hunger Games in grade 8 by my information support teacher, by Mrs. Collions.\r\n'

'Psychoanalytic Critique on the Black Swan\r'

'How does the main character deal with her id self and superego? Which part of the subconscious seems to dominate? I commit Ninas Id is the dominant because she unendingly in the characterization is doing what she tin can to satisfy what she wants she does what she’s told to do to get it and be able to do it correctly. How does the relationship she has with new(prenominal) volume? Does there seem to be a churlishness trauma or a childhood exist that has occurred?She isn’t real able to pay off relationships with other people she doesn’t even clear a good relationship with her mom I finger like she’s still some contour of child on the inside like a teen rebelling. I venture this is probably because she didn’t really communicate with her mom as a child or withstand a protoactinium around. What in the protagonist’s past has triggered her to be the way she is in her relationships now? I stand for Nina was probably isolated as a child that’s why she doesn’t really have that many relationships as an adult.She still lives with her mom, which shows she doesn’t really know how to deal with regular daily amours on her own. What does the protagonist dream around? What is the first thing she thinks about when she wakes up? What does this tell us about her? She had a sexual dream where she was receiving from lily. She believed it actually happened until lily tells her she left field right after and didn’t stay the night. I think this shows that she was receiving love in a variant way then she receives it from her mom since she doest really have any relationships like a boyfriend and friendships.What marrow squash issues does the character have and where do you think they make sense from? I think these issues come from her childhood she manifestly grew up without a dad and her mom shows how overprotecting she is with her. She does have a habit of scratching herself when something s eems to overwhelm her. What argon the fears of our protagonist and why? The fears Nina has argon not macrocosm perfect and not playing the role she was given. And she fought for. She invariably cherished everything perfect.I think she’s probably scare of herself as well since she scratches her self without realizing it most of the times. What are her desires and how do they affect her subconscious? I think her desires are to be the best at concert dance and being the swan queen she wants to finish on top beating everyone else. Well throughout the movie this was what she wanted and she didn’t want lily to take that from her mainly. Which she belief was better and mayhap she wanted to be more like lily since she saw how carefree she was unlike her.How does the characters sex affect how people view her and why? Since Nina was a virgin she was viewed as innocent the airiness goody ballerina. After her sexual dream I viewed her a little polar as in she wanted to re ceive love in a different way then her mom she wanted to maybe break out of the shell she was in. What types of defense mechanisms do they use and what are they trying to repress? She constantly has to cut her nails because she scratches herself I think she uses this as a defense mechanism to avoid having herself having to deal with the other problems around her.\r\n'

'Internet Procedures Essay\r'

'The profit is considered the â€Å"world’s largest electronic computer meshing” (Encyclopedia Americana). The profits dates back to the early 1960s. The profits consists of vitiated computer net profits that are connected to to each one other. It serves as a tool for different organizations to share and transmute electronic data. It links different computers from all all over the world through transmission control protocol/IP protocols (The Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2006). all(prenominal) computer has a software that allows it to provide randomness and conversely, to access and view information (The Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2006).\r\nThe Internet has freehanded in size over the years that the Internet Software Consortium estimated that by early 2003, to a greater extent than 170 million computers or hosts are connected to the Internet (Encyclopedia Americana). A person who wants to access the Internet through a comput er must remove a telecommunications link, such as modem, and software that is inevitable to be able to connect to an Internet process Provider (The Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2006). A computer needs an IP address to be able to connect to the Internet.\r\nAn IP address consists of a unique set of song that allows the computer to receive data using the TCP/IP. Transmission or sharing of computer files occurs when each packet of a computer file finds its destination, which is the IP address of its intended recipient (Encyclopedia Americana). The Internet differs from the homo Wide Web (WWW), in that the Internet is the network that serves as the conduit of all computers connected to it, while the globe Wide Web is â€Å"a service that allows computer users to quickly and easily navigate the Internet” (Grolier multimedia system Encyclopedia).\r\nReferences\r\nInternet. (2007). Encyclopedia Americana. Retrieved February 21, 2007, from Grolier Online http:/ /0-ea. grolier. com. novacat. nova. edu:80/cgi-bin/article? assetid=0216805-00 The Library, University of California, Berkeley. (2006). What is the Internet? Retrieved February 20, 2007, from http://www. lib. berkeley. edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/WhatIs. html World Wide Web. (2007). Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 21, 2007, from Grolier Online http://0-gme. grolier. com. novacat. nova. edu:80/cgi- bin/article? assetid=0315535-0\r\n'

'Prp Theories\r'

'HUMAN RESOUCE MANAGEMENT content 1. Introduction1 2. Literature refreshen2 2. 1Emergence of PRP2 2. 2 pattern of PRP3 2. 3Relevant theories of PRP4 2. 3. 1Maslow’s pecking order of unavoidably & angstrom unit; Herzberg’s motivational surmisal4 2. 3. 2 equity sup lay in PRP5 3. berth study6 3. 1 encase 1: â€Å"Why Do Companies Use implementation-Related chip in for Their decision maker Directors? ” (Bender, 2004)6 3. 2Case twain: â€Å"Evaluating murder-related chip in for dressrs in the interior(a) health helper” (Dowling & deoxyadenosine monophosphate; Richardson, 1997)9 4. bring outline and military rating of PRP Theory in Business Organisations11 4. 1Comparison11 4. Contrast12 4. 3Performance related present possibility in patronage physical com poses13 4. 3. 1Motivates employees and meliorate their movement14 4. 3. 2Facilitates switch over to systemal cultural14 4. 3. 3Encourages the internalisation of functioning norms15 4. 4Problems of PRP in work out15 4. 4. 1Setting public presentation marks16 4. 4. 2 judging and ratings17 4. 4. 3Reward17 5. Conclusion18 Reference19 Appendices21 1. Introduction Nowadays, tender-hearted election Management has start a strategic and co here(predicate)nt approach to a greater extent than than(prenominal) than just managing the competencies and skills of employees in an organization.\r\nArmstrong (2002) noniced that HRM is to a greater extent more cerebrate on battalion non agate lines, and so does line of work organization (Lewis, 1998). Yet, quite a little brook been practice as an great role of business. To this extent, this essay go forth take a critical look at PRP which is based on tidy sum, and similarly considered as an of the essence(p) and sensitive violate of the HRM in organizations today. The root starts with a brief review of recent literature which reports studies of PRP schemas. It continues with describing deuce case stud ies related to the practical discrepancy to PRP theories.\r\nIt goes on to our own independent critical outline by comparing the PRP theories and practice in real world. Finally, on that point atomic number 18 results being drawn nigh the nicety of PRP in a explore surroundings. 2. Literature review 2. 1 Emergence of PRP Performance-related assume (PRP) emerged in the previous(predicate) 1980’s which attempts to relate respective(prenominal)istic act at act upon to reinforce, aiming to reconstruct a motion people ad gravel military operation-oriented finishings. Besides business brass instruments, some familiar institutions such(prenominal) as governments and universities also adopt PRP as an inhering level for championing mensurates.\r\nBy comparing with another(prenominal)wise stipend final causes, the PRP base was satisfying-heartedly accepted by employers and played a much more absolute heart and soul on improving employees’ demean our and organisations’ culture. According to the IPD search into performance get byment practices in 1997, 43 per cent of respondents had PRP; additionally, IBS research in 1998 showed that 61 per cent of answers satisfied their chastity wage up. These figures make it easy to see that PRP score been wide applied among organizations whatever business the like or public facility (Armstrong, 2002).\r\nThere argon a potpourri of reasons wherefore organization may applied PRP. Armstrong and Murlis (1994) give tongue to that ‘it is right and proper for people to be rewarded in accordance with their contribution’. According to Pilbeam & Colbridge (2002), in that location ar a number of factors contributing to the upshot of PRP, which is identify in Figure 1. The Thatcher legacy and ‘ try’ surveys in the public sector increasingly competitive environment and concern with employee performance unitary and neo-unitary employment relations pers pectives\r\nReassertion of the ‘right to manage’ and increasing managerial control Influence of HRM demagogy & Strategic integration of reward Trends towards individuality and the weakening of collectivism Emergence of PRP Figure 1: Factors contributing to the emergence of PRP (Pilbeam & Corbridge, 2002) 2. 2 Concept of PRP ACAS (1990) defined individual performance-related pay (PRP) as â€Å"a method of stipend where an individual employee receives attachs in pay based wholly or part on the regular and systematic assessment of job performance”.\r\nAdditionally, Murlis (1996) claimed a signifi pottyt distinction between the utilise of PRP to managing performance straight from the motivational stimulation of pecuniary rewards (motivation) and the use of PRP to identify different levels of performance (reward). base on these points, PRP faecal matterister be commented as a combination of collar key factors: motivation, performance and rewards, w hich deform in twain ship drive outal that motivating people to achieve expected performance; and recognise these people who have achieved successful performance.\r\nBased on these ternary factors and their bloods, Pilbeam and Corbridge (2002) identified three stages for PRP application: Firstly, view individual performance criteria by imposition, discussion or arrangement firstly; secondly, assessing performance against individual performance criteria which formal in stage1; thirdly, allocating pay to the assessment of performance by the exercise of managerial prerogative. 2. 3 Relevant theories of PRP 3. 2 2. 3. 1 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs & Herzberg’s motivational theory in PRP Maslow’s (1943, 1987) hierarchy of needs and the ii factor theory of Herzberg (1959) indicated that pay can be considered as the some effective way to satisfy benevolent’s need and further to cause people to work more effectively, which means appropriate payme nt can speed employee to achieve successful performance that maximizing organisation’s benefits.\r\nKessler and Purcell (1922) noted that employees forget be easily motivated if at that place is a cultivate and close relationship between performance and reward. Therefore, PRP ends could motivate the employees to increase their causal agents to accomplish good performance. 2. 3. 2 Equity theory in PRP The Equity theory of Adams (1965) identified that employees have a strong need to be treated fairly which can be equilibrate by an equity between their input like work performance and output like rewarding.\r\nComp argond to other types of pay like non-incentive pay which is based on corporally-negotiated rule, PRP associates employees’ productivity with their behaviour, rewarding employees for their successful performance, which is much more fair and reasonable. From these theories, we can see that PRP has brought a atomic reactor of potential benefits on improvi ng HRM efficiency of organization. However, there ar some myopicages in PRP application in practice, which will be discussed in following two empirical case analyses. 3. Case study 3. Case one: â€Å"Why Do Companies Use Performance-Related dedicate for Their Executive Directors? ” (Bender, 2004) The paper snaped on the contend of rewards to the listed companies’ executive director. There are variable ways to pay the rewards. Thus the performance-related pay introduced to this paper. At the opening of this paper prior research introduces three types of theory to explain why companies use performance-related pay: result theory, motivation theories (expectancy, equity), and institutional and legitimacy theories.\r\nResearch scheming utilised 12 companies’ interviews with 35 persons who stand in different positions. These interviews lasted for two years from December 2001 to may 2003. The interviews reflected different opinions about the find of PRP. Som e of the answers present PRP could motivate people to do work headspring: Alan Wilson, chief executive of Skandia UK regarded pay as a motivator; a HR director idea if everyone was paid the same base salary, they would always do the same.\r\nBut a part of the respondents denied that PRP made an effort in motivating people in the work. A chief executive officer argued that whether PRP works depends on which market you were in and also on when the people were on level salaries. Also another respondent held a apathetic idea on motivation of PRP to managers. A CEO categorized his employees into two types: one type give chase money and the other worked for vocational interests and he agnise that PRP was in a position to exert modulate on those who chased money and not on employees worked for vocational interests.\r\nAt the end of this part the actor reaches the conclusion that lack of money is a de-motivator. Furthermore, interviews demo some different ideas: a) makement repr esents personal value of employees. The more contribution you have made, the more you can earn; b) Focus and fairness: according to the answers from interviewees, we can find that the company adopts PRP with the intention to make executives focus on their work efforts and fairness can change employees’ performance; c) The need to provide alignment: here is a large number of factors forge performance in long-term and some of those cannot be detect currently; d) Other reasons to introduce performance-related pay: the fatality of government to adopt PRP and because of everybody has it so you has to have it; e) Problems with performance-related pay: a consultant pointed out that PRP system would fill unpredictable problems especially in long-term and it is difficult to select appropriate measure and targets. Market Practices regard for Legitimacy Need to Attract and Retain\r\n see a performance-related reward intention Set performance measures and targets and use it to co mmunicate strategy Directors’ actions and behaviours Business performance Performance-related award Monetary award Increased human capital for future negotiations Effect on individual’s self worth Figure 2: Why Companies use performance-related pay (Bender, 2004) In the final exam part, the author summarizes this case study according to three theories mentioned at the beginning of our description and draws figure 1 to show why companies performance-related pay. . 2 Case two: â€Å"Evaluating performance-related pay for managers in the content Health Service” (Dowling & Richardson, 1997) This paper includes 4 sections. constituent 1 explains the NHS system which means the performance related pay system for general management in 1989. Section 2 shut downs the evaluation criteria and explanatory framework. PRP is introduced on the hatchway of management. According to Cannel and Wood’s survey, PRP could be introduced to cut across problems with exist ing systems, o encourage employees’ motivation, to improve colloquy with work force, to reduce problems of recruitment. Kessler suggested that the PRP exponent also be use to improve the fairness of a payment system, to reduce union influence and the importance of collective bargaining, can also give additional influence to line managers. The purpose of PRP is said to reward those manage who achieve a more than competent pattern of work and motivate managers to perform better.\r\nSection 3 values the efficiency of the system and four measures are utilized to check the outcome of the scheme. Managers had to be assessed by their supervisors and receive reward based on their performance if they had finished targets set at the beginning of the year. In NHS, the HR department designed the PRP system in hallow to motivate managers. However, through self-reported data from the managers cover by the PRP system, a majority of respondents saw the scheme as having little or no effe ct on their motivation to do their jobs well.\r\nAlso the authors did not found solid evidence to show that there are corresponding negative consequences of PRP. The initial testing of the raw data clearly suggests that the three elements of the scheme achieved different degrees of success. The objective-setting elements seemed to be widely supported. It could be sight that the schemes rewards were either not appropriate or not sufficiently kind to act as a motivator. PRP include the way in which performance standards are set and monitored.\r\nSection 4 explains the effects of PRP in the NHS. About 85% respondents showed satisfaction with the objective â€setting process. Furthermore, they also agreed that the challenge offered by the objective measures increase their determination to achieve their goal set before. On the other hand, there was also much critical comment on reward system such as subjectivity and appraiser bias. In addition, the PRP reward system was always cash limited. 4. Analysis and Evaluation of PRP Theory in Business Organisations 2 3 4. 1 Comparison\r\nBoth of the two cases are involved in the topic of PRP, and focus on the effectiveness of PRP scheme. In addition, both of the researches partly agree that PRP is successful in some areas or in some extend, however, PRP is still not a perfect scheme out-of-pocket to various reasons. As what has been pointed out to be the problems in PRP, among all of the reasons mentioned in the written document, the objective-setting process has been pointed out in both of the researches, which indicates that this might be one of the key points which should be considered to improve PRP scheme.\r\nWhat is more, both of the papers mention that PRP is introduced in order to â€Å"attract and retain executives with the potential of large earnings”(Bender, 2004) and â€Å"to improve the fairness of a payment system, to bring employee commitment” (Dowling and Richardson, 1997), which can be considered as the positive points of PRP. 4. 2 Contrast The methods utilize in the research in the two cases are different. The case about PRP in the National Health Service used both quantitative and qualitative date from a questionnaire survey (Dowling and Richardson, 1997).\r\nWhile, the case conducted by Bender (2004) used qualitative date from an interview survey. Moreover, the perspectives used in the two papers also vary. As to the reasons why PRP is not more successful, Dowling and Richardson (1997) consider that there are three kinds of employees as being particularly important: firstly, those who think that the objective-setting process of PRP is coped with terribly; secondly, those who think the assessments are handled badly; lastly, those who believe that the rewards are not attractive enough to encourage their motivation.\r\nThey hold the opinion that PRP has a less important influence on these people, which indicates that the advantage of objective-setting process, a ssessments and rewards might lead to improving the effect of PRP. While, the paper conducted by Bender (2004) indicates that the reason that PRP is not so successful is also related to the market in which directors are. Besides, salary and rewards are not the solely recourses that could motivate managers. For instance, leisure can also play a significant role in the performance of managers. Additionally, PRP scheme has less important impact on those people who mainly work for vocational interests.\r\nMeanwhile, this paper (Bender, 2004) pays more attention to the reasons that PRP is used by companies. The writer points out some more reasons from interviews with directors other than the strong points of PRP which have been mentioned above. To be on the button, pay can be deemed as a symbol of worth and how much one can earn is associated with the self jimmy for the executives. In the end, we can see from the two papers that PRP has develop successfully from 1997 to 2004 because w hat are reflected in the papers shows us that PRP has been used much more and been recognized in a wider range.\r\nAs a result, we can conclude that with the use of PRP, this scheme has become and also will become more and more mature and grant a lot to business organizations. 4. 3 Performance related pay theory in business organizations This section conducts analysis of two empirical cases critically and assesses the value of PRP theory and benefits it achieves in business organizations. The whole objective of pay related systems like the PRP and other HRM theories is obviously to bring or add to the value of business organizations. When we take a look at the first paper, it is obvious that on the average PRP increases an organization’s value.\r\nThe following are the perceived benefits of the PRP theory: 4 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4. 1 Motivates employees and improve their performance The human needs hierarchy theory of Maslow (1943, 1987) and the two factors theory of Herzberg ( 1959) indicate that in modern society satisfying human needs like payment is in a position to motivate people to work harder. Furthermore, in business organisations payment related to performance can stimulate people to accomplish the performance that organizations want. Kessler and Purcell (1992) claimed that if direct relationship exists between effort, performance and reward, employees would be motivated.\r\nPRP schemes act exactly as this direct link motivating the employees to increase their efforts. 5. 4. 2 Facilitates change to organisational cultural Kessler and Purcell (1992) argued that PRP refers to flexibility, dynamism, entrepreneurial spirit and careful allocation of resources, leading to a performance-orientated culture. Therefore, the introduction of PRP facilitates change in business organizations culture from collectively negotiated formula to individual contribution, which assists in solving problems, increasing value of organizations, and reducing problems of r ecruitment and retention. 5. 4. Encourages the internalization of performance norms â€Å"PRP can encourage the internalization of the organisation’s goal or norms of behaviour among the employees of the organization” (Geary, 1992). In the implementation of PRP, the organisation’s norms of behaviour can be enhanced by rewarding congruous work effects and by sound incongruous performance. Thereby, it strengthens management control and clarifies job roles deep down organizations. 5. 4 Problems of PRP in practice Theoretically, PRP can arrest many benefits for organizations, which have been demonstrated above. However, there are always gaps between theories and practice of PRP.\r\nIn this part data from the NHS case will be utilized to illustrate some problems of PRP. Figure 3 above shows that only 2 percent respondents consider PRP as the motivator for them to work harder while respondents with opposite idea accounts for 45 percent. Also 67 percent respondents heart neutral idea on the question of whether PRP scheme affect motivation to do the job and 77 percent respondents did not feel more co-operation after the introduction of PRP scheme. Question| Negative Positive| Does PRP have effect on your motivation to do the job well? 2| 3| 67| 25| 4| You consciously work harder because of the PRP scheme. | 45| 26| 17| 10| 2| You focus on PRP objectives rather than other activities. | 34| 34| 20| 10| 2| PRP changes co-operation level among colleagues| 2| 12| 77| 8| 1| Figure 3: PRP in the National Health Service (Dowling and Richardson, 1997) 5. 5. 4 Setting performance objectives It is essential for organizations to set up clear and measurable objectives so that the behaviour of employees can be guided by objectives. However, imposition and slenderness of PRP in objective-setting could lead to failure of the implementation.\r\nWhat’s more, short term approach stemming from narrow and misleading objectives could make employees ignore i ntangible aspects and long-term tasks. Therefore, the weakness of PRP in objective-setting could discourage behaviour that is not financially rewarded and balk business organizations from functioning well. 5. 5. 5 Assessment and ratings Assessment and ratings are indispensable stage of PRP system. In practice, two crucial elements during these processes, scales of ratings and fair appraisals made by managers are difficult to achieved, which make employees not satisfied with ratings addicted to them.\r\nAs Belfield and Marsden (2002) argued that the use of PRP will do more harm than good if the right monitoring environment is not in place. 5. 5. 6 Reward PRP regards reward as the motivator for employees to work hard, which is often not the case in practice. Maslow’s theory of the power structure of Needs (1943) stated that payment is not the only need of human beings. Besides payment, people also have mental requirements such as belongingness needs, esteem needs and self-act ualization. 5. Conclusion\r\nAfter critical analysis and assessment we can finally reach the conclusion that in theory PRP is in a position to provide business organizations certain benefits such as motivating employees, improving their performance, attracting executives, facilitating change in organizational culture and encouraging the internalization of performance norms. However, due to imposition and narrowness in objective-setting, unfairness and inaccuracy in assessment and ratings, and diversification of human needs, theoretical benefits of PRP cannot be reached.\r\nTherefore, more attention should be paid on the gap between HRM theories and their application in practice so that HRM theories can assist business organizations in increasing their values. Reference ACAS, 1990. Appraisal-related Pay. London: ACAS. Adams, J. S. , 1965. Inequity in neighborly exchange. In: Berkowitz, L. ed. , Advances in experimental social psychology. in the raw York: Academic Press, 267-299. Ar mstrong, M. , 2002. Employee reward. 3rd ed. London: hired Institute of Personnel and Development. Armstrong, M. ; Murlis, H. , 1994. Reward Management, London: Kogan Page.\r\nBelfield, R. ; Marsden, D. , 2002. Matchmaking: the influence of monitoring environments on the effectiveness of performance pay systems. Centre for Economic Performance, London School of political economy and Political Science, London, UK. Bender, R. , 2004. Why Do Companies Use Performance-Related Pay for Their Executive Directors? Corporate Government, 12(4), pp. 521-533. Dowling, B. ; Richardson, R. , 1997. Evaluating performance-related pay for managers in the National Health Service. The Intematioruil Joumal of Human Resource Management, 8(3), pp. 348-366. Herzberg, F. , 1959.\r\nThe Motivation to work, New York: John Wiley. Geary, J. F. , 1992. Pay, control and commitment: linking appraisal and reward. Human Resource Management Journal, 2(4), pp. 36-54. Kessler, I. ; Purcell, J. , 1992. Performance-rela ted pay: objectives and application. Human resource management Journal, 2(3), pp. 16-23 Lewis, P. , 1998. Management performance-related pay based on evidence from the financial services sector. Human Resource Management Journal, 8(2), pp. 66-77 Maslow, A. H. , 1943. A theory of human motivation. psychological Review, 50, pp. 370-396. Maslow, A. H. , 1987.\r\nMotivation and Personality. New York: Harper ; Row. Murlis, H. , 1996. Pay at the Crossroads. London: Institute of Personnel Development. Pilbeam, S. ; Corbridge, M. , 2002. People Resourcing: HRM in Practice. 2nd ed. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Appendices Tow papers: Bender, R. , 2004. Why Do Companies Use Performance-Related Pay for Their Executive Directors? Corporate Government, 12(4), pp. 521-533. Dowling, B. ; Richardson, R. , 1997. Evaluating performance-related pay for managers in the National Health Service. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(3), pp. 348-366.\r\n'