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Difference Between The Adlerian Approach And...

The main difference between the Adlerian approach and the Psychoanalytic approach deals with the stance the therapist takes. In the Psychoanalytic approach , the therapist sits back and gives the client the right to express himself without any resistance. Since transference is a big issue with this approach, and the client can develop projections toward the therapist(Corey, 2013, pg. 481), so it is important for the therapist to remain neutral. Transference interpretation helps our clients by enabling them to see broad patterns of fantasies, interactions and object relations that they had never put together before(Howes, 2010). This approach goes against the philosophy of counseling because the therapist take a back seat, while the client takes the wheel and counseling should be more about an integrative approach. On the other hand the Psychoanalytic approach is based on mutual respect and the importance of goals. Focus is on identifying, exploring and disclosing mistaken goals and faulty assumptions within the persons lifestyle(Corey, 2013, pg. 481), and this approach shows the importance of a therapist who uses more guidance to identify those objectives. The main differences between Existential and Person Centered approach would have to be that the Existential approach focuses on client reflecting on their life while the Person Centered approach shows us that people are self directed and don t necessarily needs a counselor to make positive changes in order to achieveShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Interest On Children764 Words   |  4 Pagesthem (Henderson Thompson, 2011). Adler also focused on the importance of social interest, and that parents should teach their children about social interest in order to contribute to others and society (Henderson Thompson, 2011). In the Adlerian approach, the family constellation is important because it looks at the family dynamics and the child’s place within the family context (Henderson Thompson, 2011). While there are some birth order characteristics that can be helpful to understand, itRead MoreIntegrated Approach For Counseling And Counseling1653 Words   |  7 PagesIntegrated approach to counseling is when you combined theories to cover the clients’ feelings, cognitive patterns, and behavior (Corey, Theory and Practice of Counseling and Pschotherapy 8e, 2009). Each theory focuses one of these key components of a client but in counseling you need to focus on each of these to fully help a client. The key to integrative counseling is to have multiple theories function in harmony (Corey, Theory and Practice of Counseling and Pschotherapy 8e, 2009). PsychotherapyRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay2344 Words   |  10 Pagesrelations and self-psychology both deal with relationships and not drives. The common attribute these three have is that they are psychoanalytic. 3. What makes Alfred Adler’s Individual psychology so remarkable? What are some critiques of Adler’s theory? Alfred Adler’s Individual psychology is one of a kind. It seems that Adler is the first to introduce a holistic approach where the focus is on all dimensions of the person; he wanted to steer away from Freud’s concept of division. Adler believes weRead MoreMy Own Theory Of Personality2164 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Life can sometimes become unpredictable, when it comes to personality it can vary between individuals to the point some people may be viewed as abnormal. Personality can be defined as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual s distinctive character. 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Introduction Life can sometimes become unpredictable, when it comes to personality it can vary between individuals to the point some people may be viewed as abnormal. Personality can be defined as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual s distinctive character. Each person personality can be a construct of more thanRead MoreCnps 365 Midterm 1 Notes Essay3947 Words   |  16 PagesChapter 4 5 Psychoanalytic Therapy †¢ Sigmund Freud. †¢ Freuds psychoanalytical system = model of personality development, approach to psychotherapy †¢ Often a benchmark used for other theories †¢ Freudian view of human nature = deterministic †¢ Behaviour determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations 0biological/instinctual drives, evolve through key psycho sexual stages in first 6 years of life †¢ Instincts central †¢ Libido = energy of all life instincts †¢ Libido, source of motivationRead MoreMID TERM STUDY GUIDE Essay16611 Words   |  67 Pagesinclude all the following EXCEPT: (www) (11) a. physical protection. b. nurturing relationships. c. working alliances *** d. opportunities to learn 8. Which of the following statements is true? (16) a. Counseling involves a relationship between a counselor and client, with the counselor helping the client resolve a problem. *** b. Child counseling focuses on children with learning, social, or behavioral problems who are not classified as being severely disturbed. c. There are completelyRead MoreThe Theory Of Counseling And Therapy Theories6153 Words   |  25 Pagestherapists require a different language for each client. Therefore, based on this theories function in a similar way to that provided by language. The theorists develop languages for the phenomena they wish or want to describe, for example: cognitive, psychoanalytic or per-centered languages. These theoretical position has concepts described in unique language. This is very useful as the therapy process is a series of conversations requiring languages. 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Nutrition for Sport and Exercise

Question: Discuss about the Nutrition for Sport and Exercise. Answer: Introduction and Energy Requirements Clients Details Gender: Male Age: 24 years Height: 6 feet or 1.82 meter Weight: 74 Kg Occupation: Professional Player Sport: Tennis Level: County Total number of hours of training: 6 Number of training sessions per week: 1 or 2 Energy Consumption: (1) Harris Benedict Equation for Resting Energy Expenditure (kcal/day) = 66.5 + 13.7W + 5H 6.8A =66.5 + 13.774 + 5182 6.8 24 = 1827.1 kcal/day where, W is Weight in kg H is height in cm A is age in years In nutritional terms, energy is defined as the ability to perform work or the capacity of doing a job. The food that is consumed through diet in meals is converted inside the body through the process of digestion to generate energy. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are generally considered as calorigenic foods as they yield considerable amount of energy upon intake. The energy produced via dietary intake comprising of these foods is generally calculated in terms of calorie (C) or kilocalorie (kcal) or Joules (J). One gram of carbohydrate or protein is generally responsible for generating 4 kcal of energy while one gram of protein normally yields 9 kcal of energy (2). Metabolism is a vital bodily process that ensures the health and well being of an individual through maintenance and building of tissues in addition to production of energy. The metabolic processes normally comprise of two synergistic processes of anabolism and catabolism where the food materials are at first degraded to yield energy on one hand and simultaneously the ingested food materials are utilized by the body cells to provide strength and vitality and facilitate tissue growth. Two parameters including the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) are normally used to define the energy requirements of a person specific to a given condition and also depending upon the type of work performed. Age, height, weight, gender and clinical condition of the individual are among the factors affecting the energy requirements in a person. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is defined as the energy expended by a person while at rest in the post absorptive state and in a neutrally temperate environment. BMR is crucial to the proper functioning of the vital organs. BMR tends to decrease with age and reduction in the lean body mass and increase with the rise in the muscle mass. Extrinsic variables ranging from diet, habitat, temperature and net primary productivity seem to affect BMR as well (3). Another term called the resting metabolic rate (RMR) is often used interchangeably with BMR. Resting metabolic rate is the energy required by an organism to survive in absence of any activity. RMR is a crucial component of energy expenditure and contributes a maximum of it (around 70%). Factors that affect BMR also affect RMR. Muscle mass, small regular meals, pregnancy condition an intake of supplements increase RMR while age, genetics and crash dieting regime decrease the RMR. RMR differs from BMR in that conditions measurement pertinent to RMR may be altered by and defined by circumstantial limitations. Therefore measurement of RMR as an estimate of daily expenditure seems to be more accurate. Fat fee mass acts as an important determinant for RMR and is attributed as a marker of energy intake and depict a physiological signal for hunger. Research provides evidences that RMR may have future implications for energy homeostasis, appetite and obesity (4). The specific requirements for the tennis sport, combines the skills of anaerobic system including the speed, agility and power along with higher aerobic capacities. Tennis has been recognized as an explosive sport depending upon strength, power and speed. In case of the competitive tennis athletes the work to rest ratios typically between 1:3 and 1:5. The competitive male athletes are found to maintain body fat of -1 is incurred. For dietary recommendations pertinent to tennis players, a high carbohydrate diet between 6-10 g.kg-1 is suggested in order to ensure sufficient glycogen stores. Protein intake content for tennis players undergoing training at a high intensity and duration on a daily basis has been estimated to be approximately 1.6g.kg-1.day-1. Dietary fat intake has been suggested not to exceed 2 g.kg-1.day-1. For every change over in mild to moderate climate of 27?C, 200 ml of fluid containing electrolytes is suggested. However for temperature 27?C, fluid intake of 400 m l is recommended. For match playing exceeding 2 hours, ingestion of 30-60 g.hr-1 of carbohydrate ingestion is advised (6). The calorie consumption and the amount of energy expended through exercise play a crucial part in the athletes to perform optimally and excel in their respective games. The resting metabolic rate (RMR) is required for maintaining the bodys normal function such as respiration, thermogenesis, and digestion. The estimated RMR for the specific client is found to be 1764 kcal/day. However the information provided from the WinDiet data of 3 days from the concerned client suggest that he is consuming energy of 2129 kcal/day. Thus, he is found to expend more energy in contrast to his requirement. In this context, reference may be made of the concept of energy balance that is vital to the understanding of the bodily demands specific to a person. Energy balance accounts for the between the intake of energy via consumption of calories in the form of drinks and food and the output of energy that are used up by the body to meet the bodily requirements. The energy balance concept is based upon the laws of thermodynamics and dictates whether weight has been gained or lost or remains the same. Positive energy balance or negative energy balance impact the cellular metabolism, hormonal release and other bodily functions and is therefore considered essential to carry out the normal functioning inside the body. Further, data obtained from the physical variables of height and weight suggests that the body mass index (BMI) of the person is 22 and was found to be within the normal range. BMI is vital to assess the obesity in a person. For the body composition analysis in male tennis players, BMI has been identified as an integral factor (7). BMI has been found to be correlated with certain identified kinematic parameters that in turn were significantly correlated with the ball speed that might serve as useful guideline for the players and coaches to effectively improve their serve speed (8). References: ten Haaf T, Weijs PJ. Resting Energy Expenditure Prediction in Recreational Athletes of 1835 Years: Confirmation of Cunningham Equation and an Improved Weight-Based Alternative. PloS one. 2014 Oct 2;9(10):e108460. Sizer FS, Pich LA, Whitney EN, Whitney E. Nutrition: concepts and controversies. Cengage Learning; 2012. White CR, Kearney MR. Determinants of inter-specific variation in basal metabolic rate. Journal of Comparative physiology B. 2013 Jan 1;183(1):1-26. Caudwell P, Finlayson G, Gibbons C, Hopkins M, King N, Nslund E, Blundell JE. Resting metabolic rate is associated with hunger, self-determined meal size, and daily energy intake and may represent a marker for appetite. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2013;97(1):7-14. Kovacs MM. Tennis physiology. Sports Medicine. 2007 Mar 1;37(3):189-98. Ranchordas MK, Rogerson D, Ruddock A, Killer SC, Winter EM. Nutrition for tennis: practical recommendations. J Sports Sci Med. 2013 Jun 1;12(2):211-4. Juzwiak CR, Amancio OM, Vitalle MS, Pinheiro MM, Szejnfeld VL. Body composition and nutritional profile of male adolescent tennis players. Journal of sports sciences. 2008 Sep 1;26(11):1209-17. Wong FK, Keung JH, Lau NM, Ng DK, Chung JW, Chow DH. Effects of body mass index and full body kinematics on tennis serve speed. Journal of human kinetics. 2014 Mar 1;40(1):21-8.

Applied Business Research and Motivation

Question: Discuss about the Applied Business Research and Motivation. Answer: Introduction According to the context, here the topic concerned is demands of the customers of Swaraj Tractor and their employee motivation. Swaraj tractor is based in Punjab, which is the state having highest density of tractors i.e. 100 tractors with in 1000 hectors of land. It is the most popular brand of tractor in Mohali, Punjab. It is famous to the farmers for their reliability and stability factor of machineries used in the tractors. In 2009 the company merged with Mahindra and Mahindra Limited and named as Mahindra and Mahindra Limited, Swaraj Division. According to the report published in the business magazine in 2007, it was confirmed that the company was losing their vision. So at this point of time, employee motivation and analyzing the demands of the customer of the Swaraj Tractor is very important (Lzroiu, 2015). India is the largest tractor manufacturing country in the world. The problem Swaraj Tractor facing according to the report published in the business magazines in 2007 is that the employees are complaining that, the company is losing their missions which is resulting into their bad production and the demands of the customers is not getting fulfilled. Swaraj Tractors was the best brand in Punjab while considering meeting the demands of the customers. Due to some internal problems within the company, the company was losing their interest from their missions and getting diverted to a degradation of the company according to the quality of production. So in this case providing motivation to the employees and understanding the demands of the customers are very important (Skudiene Auruskeviciene, 2012). According to the competitive market, it is very important to understand the customer demands and motivate the employees for competing with the developing trends. So globally this issue is ve ry crucial for any company or industry. In Punjab Swaraj tractor is the best supplier of tractor according to the customer demands, but due to some problematic situation the organization is not meeting their missions and goals (Chaudhary Sharma, 2012). In addition to this, the mentioned approach helps the organization to build good relationship between the higher authority of the organization and the employees. If the customer demands are considered, it can only be fulfilled by chasing the ongoing trends in the market. The researcher shows here the demographic study of the cause behind the lower production of Swaraj Tractors. Each and every employee of any company conveys the figure of the organizational goal and objectives they have set for their betterment in their path way of improvement and achieving competitive position in the marketplace. Research aim is there in the research to understand the importance of the issue mentioned in the topic. Researcher focuses on the framework required for solving the issues regarding the topic. The important aim of this research is that, to understand the demands of the customer and analyze the motivational factors to be developed and empowered by the organization of the employees (Asim, 2013). This aspect will leads to the development of the Swaraj Tractors and they can easily retrieve their position in the competitive market (Prosser, 2014). According to the research aim, the researcher tries to build some research objectives to make sure the realization of the research aim. The research objectives are discussed as follows: To Analyze of the customer demands To encourage the employees for better production To innovate strategic implementation within the organization for meeting the demands of the customer To recommend some suggestion to remove the challenges Literature review In this chapter the researcher mainly focuses on the problematic situations raised with in the Swaraj Tractors Limited. In order to remove these problematic situations the entrepreneur requires taking some steps with respect to the developmental aspect of the organization. This chapter mainly focuses on the motivational aspect and customer demands of this organization as the problematic situation is raised due to the lack of motivational factors among the organizational members. Here the researcher shows various recommendations for restoring strengthening elements of the employees. Motivational impact matters in the sector of the production of any organization (Manzoor, 2012). Conceptual framework helps the researcher to understand the topic of the research and also introduces the identification of the theories and models to analyze the topic in a standardized manner. Various models and theories help the researcher to relate different variables of the topic. The tractors are mainly used for harvesting operation, pulling loads, and farming. In case of the farmers, they have lands for harvesting, so they wants long lasting tractor with good quality of parts. If the company provides duplicate spare parts to their customers, then the customer demands will not be satisfied. The capacities of the tractors are measured according to the Horse Power ratings of the tractors. Initially the Swaraj Tractors sale the tractors of ratings 30 HP. In the present scenario, their competitors have invented new 50 HP tractors, which is motivating the customer demands. So the company have to now build 50 HP or more than that tractors to compete with the changeable market. The harvesting time also matters to the farmers as this determines the capability of the tractor that how efficient is that one in comparison with the other manufacturers in the market (Shahin et al., 2013). According to the research findings Swaraj Tractors follows the Kano analysis for unde rstanding the demands of their customers according to the ongoing trends in the market (Jin Oriaku, 2013). This analysis mainly deals with the providing satisfaction to basic needs of the customer, performance needs of the customer, excitement needs of the customers (Bey et al., 2013). According to the context, the problematic situation was due to lack of motivation among the employee. The organization should use some models for generating motivation among the employees. These models are explained bellow: Acquire and achieve: This aspect deals with the providence of incentives to the employees in an acquired time. These are considered as the part of the encouraging element towards the employee. Activation of these policies motivates the employees for giving their best at their work and sometimes they achieve more than the set limit (Mackey Gass, 2015). Drive to bond and belong: This is also an important aspect while considering the developing motivational impact on the employees of any organization. The organization should make concerned training programs and rules for the employees for making good relationship with the customers. This aspect helps the organization to develop the image of the organization in the view point of the customers. The drive to Comprehend and challenged: One organization should always for and motivate the employees for taking risks at the field of work. This aspect introduces new scenarios to them which build new experiences on them to handle the situation properly. The drive to define and defend: There may be various situations in the organization but the management should introduce some persons who will guide the employees and protect them from the circumstantial situation. The problem needs to be solved for the betterment of the Swaraj Tractor. The company contains large, small, heavy and standard room with assembly shop; all these centers should be controlled by the organization (Flick, 2015). According to the context, if the employees of the organization are motivated in a proper way, then the authority can assure that their production will be good, because the employees are crucial part of any organization. Proper training program and mutual cooperation of the members of the organization can build good relationship among the employees (Gelman et al., 2014). The above mentioned theory of motivational perspective of the employees helps the organization to understand their employees. In addition to this, understanding the demands of the customer helps the organization for coping up with the evolving trends in the market (Thomson Emery, 2014). In the time of conducting this research, the researcher faced many issues, which are considered as the Gap of this literature. This portion of the research focuses on the analysis of the missing factors which might help the organization to build a strong mission for their organization. According to the research, the Swaraj Tractors have used mainly two models for developing their situation: Kano analysis for understanding the customer demands and 5 drive models for bringing the motivational aspect among the employees. These models also have draw backs according to the demands of the critical situation faced by the organization. The Kano analysis fall under traditional demand analysis models, but in case of Swaraj Tractors they needs to follow advanced demand Analysis model. 5 drive models though does not have any back log or drawback, still there could be some better option to motivate the employees of the Swaraj Tractors. The above mentioned gaps helps the entrepreneur to understand the drawbacks and they can easily find the strategies to reduce these (Shyu et al., 2013). Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from this research is that, the employee motivation and understanding the customer demands are two crucial factors for the improving the quality of service and maintaining the competitive position in the market. The factor employee motivation strongly influences the aspect of customer motivation. According to the research findings, all the drivers of involved into motivating employees are shifting their impact to the customer satisfaction. So the customer satisfaction has become the indicator for judging the stability of any company. Most importantly the customer satisfaction is meeting by fulfilling the demands of the customer. There are several sectors, where the employees are directly contacted by the employees of the organization for any kind of clarification they needed for the product they are using or any kind of problem they are facing in the process of using that particular product or services. The employees get terminated if they are incompatible while solving the demands of their customers. The fundamental approaches behind these behaviors are the employees are treated in the same way as they treat with their customers. Each and every employee of any company conveys the figure of the organizational goal and objectives they have set for their betterment in their path way of improvement and achieving competitive position in the marketplace. The motivating elements for the employee motivation are: monetary benefits, overall strategic vision of the company, proper training providence etc. if these factors are not maintained properly then it is totally a difficult situation for a company to survive in the competitive market. According to the context of this report, Swaraj Tractor is facing some problem due to lack of employee motivation, which is affecting their overall productivity and position in the market. They are getting backward in comparison with their competitors, as their quality of product is getting reduced. This research paper discussed about the models by which the organization can motivate their employee from different perspective and get their position back with the same quality that they had previously. These interconnected models and also the recommendation provided for Swaraj Transport can help their owner to improvise the strategies for achieving their organizational goals and making their employee happy. These approaches create a good atmosphere where the collaboration between the employee and customer gets healthier atmosphere to grow. In addition to this, the mentioned approach helps the organization to build good relationship between the higher authority of the organization and the employees. If the customer demands are considered, it can only be fulfilled by chasing the ongoing trends in the market. The researcher shows here the demographic study of the cause behind the lower production of Swaraj Tractors. Each and every employee of any company conveys the figure of the organizational goal and objectives they have set for their betterment in their path way of improvement and achieving competitive position in the marketplace. The employees are getting demoralized and not finding their goals clear, this report will help the entrepreneurs of Swaraj Tractors to motivate their employees well and understand the demands of their customer. Reference List Asim, M. (2013). Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with effect of training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,3(9), 1-9. Bey, N., Hauschild, M. Z., McAloone, T. C. (2013). Drivers and barriers for implementation of environmental strategies in manufacturing companies.CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,62(1), 43-46. Chaudhary, N., Sharma, B. (2012). Impact of employee motivation on performance (productivity) in private organization.International Journal of Business Trends and Technology,2(4), 29-35. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Rubin, D. B. (2014).Bayesian data analysis(Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL, USA: Chapman Hall/CRC. Jin, Y., Oriaku, N. (2013). E-service flexibility: meeting new customer demands online.Management Research Review,36(11), 1123-1136. Lzroiu, G. (2015). Employee Motivation and Job Performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), 97-102. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), 1. Pfaff, D. W. (Ed.). (2012).The physiological mechanisms of motivation. Springer Science Business Media. Prosser, R. (2014).An Exploratory Investigation of Employee Motivation in the Private Sector: A Study of Dow Corling(Doctoral dissertation, Cardiff Metropolitan University). Shahin, A., Pourhamidi, M., Antony, J., Hyun Park, S. (2013). Typology of Kano models: a critical review of literature and proposition of a revised model.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,30(3), 341-358. Shyu, J. C., Chang, W., Ko, H. T. (2013). Comparative analysis of experience-oriented customer needs and manufacturer supplies based on the Kano model.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,24(11-12), 1272-1287. Skudiene, V., Auruskeviciene, V. (2012). The contribution of corporate social responsibility to internal employee motivation.Baltic Journal of Management,7(1), 49-67. Thomson, R. E., Emery, W. J. (2014).Data analysis methods in physical oceanography. Newnes. Watling, C. N., Armstrong, K. A., Obst, P. L., Smith, S. S. (2014). Continuing to drive while sleepy: The influence of sleepiness countermeasures, motivation for driving sleepy, and risk perception.Accident Analysis Prevention,73, 262-268.