What Are Presidentialism And Parliamentarism Concepts Politics Essay

What Are Presidentialism And Parliamentarism Concepts Politics Essay several(predicate) countries in the orb get down got their own semi policy-making organization in regularise to expect their countries run and organized and most of them be pine to devil major system of ru slight, namely chairpersonial and fan tanary system and with their own unique characteristics. The presidential and parliamentary systems have drawing cards of divers(prenominal) characteristics in their personality and practical running, and each of them have their own fairnesss and debilitys. Facing the qualify of the human beings political home and the revolutionary democracies, they have got their own advantages to the development of the parvenue democracies n iodintheless, thither is no universal answer for whole the countries in argonna of which system is to a greater purpose(prenominal) suitable for their new democracies.For presidentialism, it is a system which gives the presiden t the most power in the ruling of the country.((((Find sources / define))). The president unremarkably alter the political power and symbolic power in his own hand.(CITATION) For political power, he has got a console who is creditworthy for him and helping him to make non-homogeneous kinds of stopping points in un ilk matters, including both daily routines decisions and near important decisions deal declaring wars and appointing the judicature officials, he has got the highest power in executing the policies in a country.For the symbolic power of the president, he represents a give tongue to.(CITE) He would be responsible for most of the external issues, like expressing the stand point and the view of a country towards a specific issue, receiving the foreign ambassadors and visiting the another(prenominal) countries in order to get up the country and establish different kinds of networks, including the strategic and sparing ones.Like for the president of the United Stat es, the country which is the representative of the presidentialism, Obama, he has been viewed as the symbol of United States nowadays. He has to represent the United States to attend different international conferences like the G20 Seoul Summit in 2010(Cite) and he has recently visited 4 countries in Asia and India. He has to do these visits in order to promote the States interests and establish links and familys with other countries.The most signifi shadowert characteristic of the presidential system is the separation of power. The power of legislative and executive director is separated and they be independent from each other. There are different elections for electing the members of the executive and legislative sort outes respectively and hence the two offset printinges may be controlled by different political parties.The parliamentary system is another major political system accounting for around 30% of all the governments (p.42) in the modern world and the assembly is allowed to remove the government (p.34). The parliamentary system has major characteristics of the league of power which the legislative and executive power was hold by the same body.The symbolic and the political power in the parliamentary system is, unlike the presidential system, separated in two separate individuals and the two individuals are normally called the head of state and mind executive and the title is substance to change in different countries.(Cite). The example of head of state in the modern states include the Queen of England, Elizabeth II, the Emperor of Japan, Akihito (cite?) and their function is to symbolize the state and responsible for the external issues like receiving ambassadors and performing many of the ceremonial tasks. close to of the head of state is chosen by succession and the others are usually chosen by a governmental body like the legislature.(Cite)The head teacher executive is responsible for the other part of the country management, he is the point of the executive branch, and he is responsible for the policy do and also the daily operation of the government. The chief executive is usually come from the majority party in the parliament, however when on that point is not a majority political party, at that place may be a coalition government governing the state, like in Britain.Not 100% of the republican form of government is of parliamentary and presidential system. In 2000, around 20% of the government in democratic systems is of coalesce system, containing both the characteristics of parliamentary and presidential system.(Cite)(p.43).Both the parliamentary and presidential system has its own virtues and vices and it explain why there are different countries backup different system based on their situation and their historical priming coat and real needs. However, they do not have unassailable virtues and vices, there are only comparatively advantages.The first virtue of the parliamentary system is the enfo rceability of its bids to their supporters and citizens. The parliamentary government has a structural advantage hence it could pass its decision to a greater consequence quickly. As mentioned above, the executive cabinet was chosen within the parliament and it is usually dominated by a majority party. Hence, whenever the government proposes some new policies, the legislators which most of them are in the same party or same line with the government will support and vote for the policies, the policies proposed by the parliamentary government would have a much higher misadventure and less resistance to be executed. (cite?)However, the parliamentary system has a vice which is also because of its structure. Since the government is choose and chosen by the parliament, the power of parliament is strong enough to turn over the government. The parliamentary system offers no job security (cite). The chief executive will lose his mooring if the policies he proposed is not favored by the legislators, hence, the policies made by the parliamentary government would be more than(prenominal) conservative if there is not an absolute majority party.Also, the tint of the policies does not have promise since they are less challenged and discussed by the legislators. The fast pace of making decision cannot ensure the quality of the decisions made.On the other hand, the presidential system has also got its own virtues and vices. The virtue of the presidential system is that there is separation of powers and hence the legislative branch would be able to check the power and the acts by the executive branch. Hence, there will be less chance for the executive branch to enthrall out policies which do not get common shopping centre consensus and high popularity. The legislative branch can act as a defendant of the public when the government exercises unreasonable policies. The discussion and challenges from the legislature would also bring more opinion and thoughts to the gover nment and higher quality and more rounded policies can be made.Secondly, the presidential system ensure the stability of the executive branch since the two branches are separated and independent to each other, hence, the legislature cannot unthaw the cabinet as in the parliamentary system. Both the legislators and president have fixed term and this encourages them to plan for keen-sighteder terms of policies since there is certainty.However, there are also vices for the presidential system which is because of its characteristics of having check and symmetry. The check and balance can achieve better policies on the other hand, it takes much more time to pass. Since the challenges and discussion in the legislature usually takes a long time. to a greater extentover, since there are different elections for electing the legislators and the cabinet, there may not be a party able to control both branches. Hence, it will be difficult for policies to be passed in the legislature if there are not enough allies. This also hindered the development of the country to a certain extent which the discussion will slow down the pass of some pressing policies.The virtues and vices of both of the political systems are not absolute and they may change over different time and different situation.Under the globalization offshoot and the deviate of countries among each other, there are now new democracies uphill in the world politics and they often face the dilemma of choosing a right political system. The parliamentary system will be more suitable for the new democracies because of the following points.Firstly, the newly actual democratic countries would usually have a common characteristic which there would be a variety of interests in the public. For example, there may be a lot of different clans or races, different opinions over how should the government implement its frugal and public policies. The parliamentary system would be more suitable in this situation since there will be more voices able to call for their own interest in the parliament and also the government which is choose from the parliament. The members in the parliament who share the executive power may have different backgrounds and hence would be able to reflect their supporters opinion. The indigenous attend would not be able to bias for his own interest since he will be put off if he does not national the legislature especially when there is not a dominant party. More different voices can appear in the political system in parliamentary system.Secondly, the executive branch in the parliamentary system is elected and chosen by the legislators and they gain certain extent of support from the legislators, in the new democratic countries, the prime minister and the legislators may have promised the voters and supports a lot in order to gain their support and also to spike the newly developed countries. Through the parliamentary system and its characteristics, the promises made by t he politicians in the campaign can be easier realized since the policies proposed by the prime minister will get support from the legislators who have certain extent of consensus with the government. The system can also ensure the prime minister to book out his promises since the parliament was given enough power to dissolve the cabinet hence the prime minister will act according to his promise or in the legislators favor in order to gain support.Moreover, the new democratic countries are usually underdeveloped or developing countries like countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. These countries, other than developing a new democratic society in their land, also have to develop their economic and diplomatic strength in order to occupy a place in todays world. Under these circumstances, these countries need a strong and efficient government to lead the people and also the country to catch up the developed countries in the world. In terms of efficiency, the parli amentary system will be much better than the presidential system. The law making and policy making process would be much smoother and shorter in time since there are much larger consensus between the legislative branch and the executive cabinet than that in the presidential system, which has to go through a long period of debate and challenges. Now in the parliamentary system, the good relationship between the two branches enable the government to pass some imperative policies which may be crucial for the countrys development and can be more flexible in policy and law making in order to cope with this fast-changing world.Lastly a small but practical point, the parliamentary system requires fewer resources in holding elections. As mentioned above, the new democratic countries are usually developing countries which are limited in cash and other resources like professionals for conducting and monitoring the elections. There is usually only one election for electing the parliamentary members and hence the members would form a government. It requires fewer resources when compared with the presidential system which usually requires two elections for electing the legislative and executive branch respectively. The resources save can be used for developing the country in other aspects and they are important for a developing country.The parliamentary suits the new democracies more in a general situation like in the situation mentioned above. However, different countries have their own situation and other factors affecting which political system is better for themselves, like the historical background and the existence of monarchy and the influence of the major political figure. There is no universal answer for all countries in the world in which the presidential system could also be efficient it all depends on the different situation and characteristics of the country and its people. It is a must to closely examine the countrys background in order to try which polit ical system is better for it and would help its democratic development in the future.